Publications: Hate speech
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Erzar, T., 'Expressing Anger and Hatred Online: Effects, Consequences, Motivations and the Limits of Apparent Connectedness | Izražanje jeze in sovraštva na spletu: učinki, posledice, motivacija in meje navidezne povezanosti' (2024), Bogoslovni Vestnik, 84(4), pp. 945–953
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Eschmann, R., Guo, L., Groshek, J., Copeland, P. & Rochefort, A., 'Uncivil for Civil Rights: A machine learning and qualitative analysis of incivility in the X-based conversation about Black Lives Matter' (2025), Computers in Human Behavior, 166, 108543
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Esen, F.S. & Emrah Amrahov, S., 'TurkHSD: A Hate Speech Detection Model for Turkish Text Content' (2024), 2024 Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference, ASYU 2024
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Eslen-Ziya, H., 'Establishing networked misogyny as a counter movement: The analysis of the online anti-Istanbul convention presence' (2022), Convergence [online]
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Esmaelizadeh, A., Cotterill, S., Hebert, L., Golab, L. & Taghva, K., 'Infomod: information-theoretic machine learning model diagnostics' (2025), Distributed and Parallel Databases, 43(1), 6
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Esparza, M.S., Diéguez, I.V. & Arribas, D.M., 'The Semiotics of Hate in Hoaxes about Immigrants Detected by Fact-Checking Platforms in Spain, Greece, and Italy | A semiótica do ódio em boatos sobre migrantes detectados por plataformas de verificação de fatos na Espanha, Grécia e Itália' (2024), Icono14, 22(1), e2083
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Espin-Riofrio, C., Torres, J.S.M., Rodríguez-Soria, H., Morán, V.M., Chóez, A.C. & Montejo-Ráez, A., 'Aggression and Hate in Spanish Text Messages. Identification Using a Pre-Trained Transformer Model | Agresividad y Odio en Mensajes de Texto en Español. Identificación Usando un Modelo Transformer Pre-Entrenado' (2023), Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, 2023
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Esposito, E. & KhosraviNik, M. (Eds.), 'Discourse in the Digital Age: Social Media, Power, and Society' (2023), London: Routledge
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Esposito, E. & Zollo, S.A., '“How dare you call her a pig, I know several pigs who would be upset if they knew : A multimodal critical discursive approach to online misogyny against UK MPs on YouTube' (2021), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 9(1), pp. 47-75
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Essalhi-Rakrak, A. & Pinedo-González, R., '#EspañaInvadida. Disinformation and hate speech towards refugees on Twitter: A challenge for critical thinking | [#EspañaInvadida. Desinformación y discursos de odio hacia los refugiados en Twitter: un reto para el pensamiento crítico]' (2023), Profesional de la Informacion, 32(3), e320310
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Essefar, K., Ait Baha, H., El Mahdaouy, A., El Mekki, A. & Berrada, I., 'OMCD: Offensive Moroccan Comments Dataset' (2023), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
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Estay Sepúlveda, J.G., Barrientos-Baéz, A. & Mancina-Chávez, R., 'Democracy, Xenophobia and Intersectionality | [Democracia, xenofobia e interseccionalidad]' (2022), Revista de Filosofia (Venzuela), 39(100), pp. 53-62
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Estellés, M. & Castellví, J., 'The Educational Implications of Populism, Emotions and Digital Hate Speech: A Dialogue with Scholars From Canada, Chile, Spain, the UK, and the US' (2020), Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15), 6034
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Etaywe, A. & Zappavigna, M., 'The role of social affiliation in incitement: A social semiotic approach to far-right terrorists’ incitement to violence' (2024), Language in Society, 53(4), pp. 623–648
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Etaywe, A., Thomson, E.A. & Wijeyewardene, I., 'Moving towards peace, compassion and empathy through semiotic enquiry' (2024), Language, Context and Text, 6(1), pp. 2–26
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Etta, G., Cinelli, M., Marco, N.D., Avalle, M., Panconesi, A. & Quattrociocchi, W., 'A Topology-Based Approach for Predicting Toxic Outcomes on Twitter and YouTube' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering [online]
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Etzioni, A., 'Allow Offensive Speech – Curb Abusive Speech?' (2019), Society [online]
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on Austria (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on the Czech Republic (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'Annual report on ECRI’s activities' (2017), Strasbourg: ECRI Secretariat
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on Estonia (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Court of Human Rights, 'Factsheet – Hate speech' (2018), Council of Europe
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Evans, J.V., Steinberg, S., Clement, D.Y. & Carron, D., 'Settler Colonialism, Illiberal Memory, and German-Canadian Hate Networks in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries' (2023), Central European History [online]
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Evans, P., 'Football and Homosexually Themed Banter: The Disconnect between Positive Social Attitudes toward Gay People and the Use of Homophobic Language' (2024), International Journal of Sport and Society, 15(1), pp. 95–122
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Evkoski, B., Ljubešić, N., Pelicon, A., Mozetič, I. & Kralj Novak, P., 'Evolution of topics and hate speech in retweet network communities' (2021), Applied Network Science, 6(1), 96
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Evkoski, B., Pelicon, A., Mozetič, I., Ljubešić, N. & Novak, P.K., 'Retweet communities reveal the main sources of hate speech' (2022), PLoS ONE, 17(3 March), e0265602
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Ezeibe, C., 'Hate Speech and Election Violence in Nigeria' (2020), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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Ezeife, C.I., Chaturvedi, R., Nasir, M. & Manjunath, V., 'Mining Twitter Multi-word Product Opinions with Most Frequent Sequences of Aspect Terms' (2022), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13635 LNCS, pp. 126-136
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Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Joly, A., Maistro, M. & Piroi, F. (Eds.), 'Proceedings of the Working Notes of CLEF 2021 – Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum' (2021), Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2021), Bucharest, Romania, September 21st to 24th, 2021
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Fahad, A., Mustafa, S.E. & Luqman, M., 'Religious-Political Discussion on Instagram and WhatsApp and Perception of Religion among Youths in Delhi' (2023), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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Fahim, M., Gokhale, S.S. & Gokhale, S.S., 'Detecting Offensive Content on Twitter during Proud Boys Riots' (2021), Proceedings - 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2021, pp. 1582-1587
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Fair, G., Wesslen, R., 'Shouting Into the Void: A Database of the Alternative Social Media Platform Gab' (2019), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM 2019, pp. 608-610
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Fan, H., Du, W., Dahou, A., Ewees A.A., Yousri D., Elaziz M.A., Elsheikh A.H., Abualigah, L. & Al-Qaness, M.A.A., 'Social media toxicity classification using deep learning: Real-world application UK Brexit' (2021), Electronics (Switzerland), 10(11), 1332
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Fan, L., Li, L. & Hemphill, L., 'Toxicity on Social Media During the 2022 Mpox Public Health Emergency: Quantitative Study of Topical and Network Dynamics' (2024), Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e52997
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Fan, X., Liu, J., Liu, J., Tuerxun, P., Deng, W. & Li, W., 'Identifying Hate Speech through Syntax Dependency Graph Convolution and Sentiment Knowledge Transfer' (2023), IEEE Access [online]
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Fangen, K. & Holter, C.R., 'The Battle for Truth: How Online Newspaper Commenters Defend Their Censored Expressions' (2019), Poetics, 101423 [online]
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Fanton, M., Bonaldi, H., Tekiroglu, S.S. & Guerini, M., 'Human-in-the-loop for data collection: A multi-target counter narrative dataset to fight online hate speech' (2021), ACL-IJCNLP 2021 - 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 3226-3240
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Faria, F.T.J., Baniata, L.H. & Kang, S., 'Investigating the Predominance of Large Language Models in Low-Resource Bangla Language over Transformer Models for Hate Speech Detection: A Comparative Analysis' (2024), Mathematics, 12(23), 3687
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Faris, H., Aljarah, I., Habib, M. & Castillo, P.A., 'Hate Speech Detection Using Word Embedding and Deep Learning in The Arabic Language Context' (2020), ICPRAM 2020 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, pp. 453-460
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Farné, A., Trujillo, T.A.-N., Valero, P.P. & Cerveró, A.C., 'Scientific production of open access articles on hate speech: a scoping review | Producción científica de artículos en acceso abierto sobre discursos de odio: una revisión sistemática exploratoria' (2024), Revista General de Informacion y Documentacion, 34(2), pp. 291–302
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Farokhi, Z., 'New Methods for Analysing Digital Islamophobia: Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities' (2024), in Y. Jiwani, A. Tremblay & M. Bhatia (Eds.) The Politics and Poetics of Indian Digital Diasporas: From Desi to Brown (pp. 56–69), London: Routledge
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Farpón, C.R. & Carrión, N.N., 'An analysis of the viral challenge “A scholarship for sorrow” and its impact on the group of people with disabilities | Las redes sociales como espacios de representación: Un análisis del reto viral “Una beca por pena” y su impacto en el colectivo de personas con discapacidad' (2024), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico, 30(1), pp. 223–232
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Farrand, B., '‘Is This a Hate Speech?’ The Difficulty in Combating Radicalisation in Coded Communications on Social media Platforms' (2023), European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research [online]
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Farrell, T. & Mostéfaoui, S.K., 'False Hopes in Automated Abuse Detection' (2023), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3456, pp. 109–118
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Farrell, T., Fernandez, M., Novotny, J. & Alani, H., 'Exploring Misogyny Across the Manosphere in Reddit' (2019), WebSci 2019 - Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Web Science, pp. 87-96
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Faruqe, O., Jahan, M., Faisal, M., Islam, M.S. & Khan, R., 'Bangla Hate Speech Detection System Using Transformer-Based NLP and Deep Learning Techniques' (2023), 2023 3rd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology, ASIANCON 2023
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Fasoli, F., Paladino, M.P., Carnaghi, A., Jetten, J., Bastian, B. & Bain, P.G., 'Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men' (2015), European Journal of Social Psychology
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Fattibene, G., Windle, J., Lynch, O., Helm, G., Purvis, J. & Seppa, L., 'The Far-Right Ecosystem in Ireland: History and Contemporary Trends' (2024), Perspectives on Terrorism, 18(4), pp. 21–39
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Faulkner, N. & Bliuc, A.-M., '‘It’s okay to be racist’: moral disengagement in online discussions of racist incidents in Australia' (2016), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online], p.1-19
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Fauzan, I., Nasution, F.A. & Regif, S.Y., 'Examining the models of religious harmony in anticipating hate polarization in regional head elections in Medan City' (2024), Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 5(3), pp. 41–56
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