Publications: Hate speech
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Nascimento, F.R.S., Cavalcanti, G.D.C. & Costa-Abreu, M.D., 'Gender bias detection on hate speech classification: an analysis at feature-level' (2024), Neural Computing and Applications [online]
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Nascimento, F.R.S., Cavalcanti, G.D.C. & Da Costa-Abreu, M., 'Exploring Automatic Hate Speech Detection on Social Media: A Focus on Content-Based Analysis' (2023), SAGE Open, 13(2)
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Nascimento, F.R.S., Cavalcanti, G.D.C. & Da Costa-Abreu, M., 'Unintended bias evaluation: An analysis of hate speech detection and gender bias mitigation on social media using ensemble learning' (2022), Expert Systems with Applications, 201, 117032
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Nascimento, G., Carvalho, F., Da Cunha, A.M., Viana, C.R. & Guedes, G.P., 'Hate Speech Detection Using Brazilian Imageboards' (2019), Proceedings of the 25th Brazillian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia 2019, pp. 325-328
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Naseem, U., Razzak, I. & Eklund, P.W., 'A Survey of Pre-Processing Techniques to Improve Short-Text Quality: A Case Study on Hate Speech Detection on Twitter' (2020), Multimedia Tools and Applications [online]
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Nasir, S., Seerat, A. & Wasim, M., 'Hate Speech Detection in Roman Urdu using Machine Learning Techniques' (2024), 2024 5th International Conference on Advancements in Computational Sciences, ICACS 2024
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Naskar, A., Harchandani, R. & Thomas, K.T., 'Detection of toxic comments over the internet using deep learning methods' (2023), in A. Dagur, K. Singh, P.S. Mehra & D.K. Shukla (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computing and Security - Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computing and Security, ICABCS 2023 (1st Edition) (pp. 447–454), London: CRC Press
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Naskar, A., Harchandani, R. & Thomas, K.T., 'Detection of toxic comments over the internet using deep learning methods' (2023), in A. Dagur, K. Singh, P. S. Mehra & D.K. Shukla (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computing and Security: Volume 1 (pp. 447-454), London: CRC Press
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Nasrallah, H.A., 'A PSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTO: Stigma is hate speech and a hate crime' (2022), Current Psychiatry, 21(6), pp. 6-8
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Nasution, A.W., Zahran, A., Akbar, M.F., Nabiilah, G.Z. & Rojali, 'Hate speech detection using LSTM and Naïve Bayes algorithm' (2023), Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 101(24), pp. 8423–8429
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Natarajan, K., Mathur, A., Bhargava, K., Singh, M. & Tejpal, M., 'Deepfake Detection: Emerging Techniques and Evolving Challenges' (2024), IEMECON 2024 - 12th International Conference on Internet of Everything, Microwave, Embedded, Communication and Networks
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Nath, N., George, J.P., Kesan, A. & Rodrigues, A., 'An Efficient Deep Learning-Based Hybrid Architecture for Hate Speech Detection in Social Media' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 462, pp. 347-355
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Natha, A., Behera, B., Mishra, D., Sahu, S.R. & Mohapatra, S., 'A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models Used for Hate Speech (Hs) Detection of Odia Language' (2024), International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(16), pp. 464–476
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Nave, E. & Lane, L., 'Countering online hate speech: How does human rights due diligence impact terms of service?' (2023), Computer Law and Security Review, 51, 105884
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Naveen Kumar, M., Gubbala, K., Mahender, U., Guna, H.K. & Venkateswarlu, C., 'Unveiling Hate Speech: Identifying Toxic Comments Targeting Women in Online Social Media Posts' (2025), Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, 441, pp. 161–172
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Naveen Kumar, M.R., Mushtaq Ahmed, D.M., Prashanth, J., Vinaykumar V.N., Ananda Babu, J. & Kumar, T.G.K., 'An Efficient Deep Learning Approach to Deal with Cyberbullying' (2023), Proceedings - 2023 2nd International Conference on Computational Modelling, Simulation and Optimization, ICCMSO 2023, pp. 253–258
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Nayak, A. & Agrawal, A., 'Detection of hate speech in social media memes: A comparative analysis' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies: Computational Intelligence for Smart Systems, ICICICT 2022, pp. 1179-1185
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Nayla, A., Setianingsih, C. & Dirgantoro, B., 'Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Using BERT Algorithm' (2023), ICCoSITE 2023 - International Conference on Computer Science, Information Technology and Engineering: Digital Transformation Strategy in Facing the VUCA and TUNA Era, pp. 644–649
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Ndahinda, F.M. & Mugabe, A.S., 'Streaming Hate: Exploring the Harm of Anti-Banyamulenge and Anti-Tutsi Hate Speech on Congolese Social Media' (2022), Journal of Genocide Research [online]
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Ndubueze, P.N., 'Hate Speech Propagation and Regulation in WhatsApp Groups: Evidence from Nigeria' (2024), Deviant Behavior [online]
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Nedungadi, P., Veena, G., Tang, K.-Y., Menon, R.R.K. & Raman, R., 'AI techniques and applications for online social networks and media: Insights from BERTopic modeling' (2025), IEEE Access [online]
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Neelakandan, S., Sridevi, M., Chandrasekaran, S., Murugeswari, K., Singh Pundir, A.K., Sridevi, R. & Lingaiah, T.B., 'Deep Learning Approaches for Cyberbullying Detection and Classification on Social Media' (2022), Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, 2163458
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Neffati, I, 'Freedom of expression in French laws and society' (2023), in J. Steel & J. Petley (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Freedom of Expression and Censorship (pp. 173–182), London: Routledge
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Negi, D., Manchanda, M., Kala, A. & Harbola, A., 'Exploring Machine Learning Methods for Hate Speech Detection on Social Media' (2024), 2nd IEEE International Conference on Advances in Information Technology, ICAIT 2024 – Proceedings
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Neitsch, J. & Niebuhr, O., 'Are Germans better haters than Danes? Language-specific implicit prosodies of types of hate speech and how they relate to perceived severity and societal rules' (2020), Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, 2020-October, pp. 1843-1847
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Neitsch, J. & Niebuhr, O., 'On the Role of Prosody in the Production and Evaluation of German Hate Speech' (2020), Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody, 2020-May, pp. 710-714
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Nel, J.A. & Venter, Z., '(South) African perspectives on the prevention, monitoring and combating of hate victimisation' (2024), Safer Communities [online]
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Neller, J., 'The need for new tools to break the silos: Identity categories in hate speech legislation' (2018), International Journal For Crime, Justice And Social Democracy, 7(2), pp.75-90
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Nelson, S.B., 'Holding a Brave Space: Lessons from Reality Storytelling' (2024), International Journal of Information, Diversity and Inclusion, 8(3-4), pp. 6–27
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Nemade, S., Mane, S.B. & Nandgaonkar, S., 'Detection and Classification of Aggressive Comments and Hate Speech' (2023), Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Sustainable Engineering Solution, CISES 2023, pp. 55–60
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Nencheva, D. & Georgiev, D., 'From Academic Term to Everyday Slur: The Definitions of “Gender” in Two Volumes of the “Dictionary of New Words in the Bulgarian Language”' (2024), Sexuality and Culture [online]
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Nessir, M.A.B., Rhouma, M., Haddad, H. & Fourati, C., 'iCompass at Arabic Hate Speech 2022: Detect Hate Speech Using QRNN and Transformers' (2022), 5th Workshop Open-Source Arabic Corpora and Processing Tools with Shared Tasks on Qur'an QA and Fine-Grained Hate Speech Detection, OSACT 2022 - Proceedings at Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022, pp. 176-180
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Ng, R. & Indran, N., '#ProtectOurElders: Analysis of Tweets About Older Asian Americans and Anti-Asian Sentiments During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2024), Journal of medical Internet research, 26, pp. E45864
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Ngan, C.-K. & Bhuva, K., 'A Framework and Decision Algorithm to Determine the Best Feature Extraction Technique for Supporting Machine Learning-Based Hate Speech Detection' (2021), Studies in Computational Intelligence, 985, pp. 15-28
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Ngueajio, M.K., Aryal, S., Atemkeng, M., Washington, G. & Rawat, D., 'Decoding Fake News and Hate Speech: A Survey of Explainable AI Techniques' (2025), ACM Computing Surveys, 57(7)
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Nguemkap Kouamo, R., 'On and off line hate speech and academic performance in secondary education in Cameroon' (2024), International Journal of Educational Development, 109, 103081
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Nguyên Duy, I., 'The Limits to Free Speech on Social Media: On Two Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court of Norway' (2020), Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 38(3), pp. 237-245
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Nguyen, A.T.-H., Nguyen, D.H., Nguyen, N.T., Ho, K.T.-D. & Nguyen, K.V., 'Automatic Textual Normalization for Hate Speech Detection' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1049 LNNS, pp. 1–12
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Nguyen, H. & Gokhale, S., 'An efficient approach to identifying antigovernment sentiment on Twitter during Michigan protests' (2022), PeerJ Computer Science, 8, e1127
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Nguyen, L. & Rastogi, N., 'Graph-based Approach for Studying Spread of Radical Online Sentiment' (2023), ACM Web Conference 2023 - Companion of the World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023, pp. 1373-1380
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Nguyen, T.T., Yu, W., Merchant, J.S., Criss, S., Kennedy, C.J., Mane, H., Gowda, K.N., Kim, M., Belani, R., Blanco, C.F., Kalachagari, M., Yue, X., Volpe, V.V., Allen, A.M., Hswen, Y. & Nguyen, Q.C., 'Examining Exposure to Messaging, Content, and Hate Speech from Partisan News Social Media Posts on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities' (2023), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3230
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Ngwainmbi, E.K., 'Hate speech and the re-emergence of Caucasian nationalism in the United States' (2022), in E.K. Ngwainmbi (Ed.) Dismantling Cultural Borders Through Social Media and Digital Communications: How Networked Communities Compromise Identity (pp. 73-104), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Ni, L., Huang, Y. & Shi, W., 'Combating Race-Related Hate Speech: The Role of Symmetrical Communication in Addressing Racism through Perceptual and Behavioral Outcomes' (2023), Journal of Public Relations Research [online]
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Niceforo, M., 'Hate speech and environmental activist discourse: Critical analysis of user comments to one controversial tweet by Just Stop Oil' (2024), Journal of Language and Discrimination, 8(1), pp. 1–23
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Nicholas, L., Clark, S., Agius, C. & Cook, K., 'Antifeminist, manosphere and right-wing extremist sentiment among men who use domestic and family violence: masculinism, misinformation, and the justificatory logics of violence' (2024), NORMA [online]
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Niebuhr, O., 'Prosody in hate speech perception: A step towards understanding the role of implicit prosody' (2022), Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody, 2022-May, pp. 520–524
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Nielsen, L.B., 'Subtle, pervasive, harmful: Racist and sexist remarks in public as hate speech' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.265-280
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Niemann, M., Riehle, D.M., Brunk, J. & Becker, J., 'What Is Abusive Language?: Integrating Different Views on Abusive Language for Machine Learning' (2020), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12021 LNCS, pp. 59-73
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Nigatu, H.H. & Raji, I.D., 'I Searched for a Religious Song in Amharic and Got Sexual Content Instead”: Investigating Online Harm in Low-Resourced Languages on YouTube' (2024), 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAccT 2024, pp. 141–160
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Nigussie, H., Kiflu, G. & Desta, B., 'Echoes of Violence: Analyzing Hate Speech in the Ethiopian Broadcast Media' (2024), Journal of Communication Inquiry [online]
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