Publications: Hate speech
O
Otu, O.A., Nwangwu, C., Mbah, P.O., Ezugworie, C., Nwokedi, M. & Nnadi, S.O., 'Elections, Hate Speech and National Integration in Nigeria' (2022), African Renaissance, 19(1), pp. 197-223
View the publication online
Ou, X. & Li, H., 'YNU OXZ @ HaSpeeDe 2 and AMI: XLM-RoBERTa with ordered neurons LSTM for classification task at EVALITA 2020’' (2020), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2765
View the publication online
Ousidhoum, N., Lin, Z., Zhang, H., Song, Y. & Yeung, D.-Y., 'Multilingual and Multi-Aspect Hate Speech Analysis' (2019), EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 - 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 4675-4684
View the publication online
Ozalp, S., Williams, M.L., Burnap, P., Liu, H. & Mostafa, M., 'Antisemitism on Twitter: Collective Efficacy and the Role of Community Organisations in Challenging Online Hate Speech' (2020), Social Media and Society, 6(2)
View the publication online
Ozduzen, O., Korkut, U. & Ozduzen, C., '‘Refugees Are Not Welcome’: Digital Racism, Online Place-Making and the Evolving Categorization of Syrians in Turkey' (2020), New Media and Society [online]
View the publication online
A
Özgen, K. & Rada, L., 'Insult Detection in the Turkish Language Through Different Machine Learning Algorithms | Insult Detection in the Turkish Language Through' (2023), 31st IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, SIU 2023
View the publication online
Özkula, S.M., Prieto-Blanco, P., Tan, X. & Mdege, N., 'Affordances and platformed visual misogyny: a call for feminist approaches in visual methods' (2024), Feminist Media Studies [online]
View the publication online
P
Paasch-Colberg, S. & Strippel, C., '“The Boundaries are Blurry…”: How Comment Moderators in Germany See and Respond to Hate Comments' (2021), Journalism Studies [online]
View the publication online
Paasch-Colberg, S., Strippel, C., Trebbe, J. & Emmer, M., 'From insult to hate speech: Mapping offensive language in German user comments on immigration' (2021), Media and Communication, 9(1), pp. 171-180
View the publication online
Pacheco, E. & Melhuish, 'Online hate speech: A survey on personal experiences and exposure among adult New Zealanders' (2018), Available at SSRN
View the publication online
Pacheco, E. & Melhuish, N., 'Measuring Trends in Online Hate Speech Victimisation and Exposure, and Attitudes in New Zealand' (2019), Netsafe, New Zealand [online]
View the publication online
Paci, D., 'Public Historians, Social Media, and Hate Speech: The French Case' (2022), in A. Schwan & T. Thomson (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Digital and Public Humanities (pp. 481-499), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
View the publication online
Padyab, M., Padyab, A., Rostami, A. & Ghazinour, M., 'Cybercrime in Nordic countries: a scoping review on demographic, socioeconomic, and technological determinants' (2024), SN Social Sciences, 4(11), 205
View the publication online
Paes, A. & Verri, F.A.N. (Eds.), 'Proceedings – 34th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2024 (Part 1)' (2025), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 15412 LNAI
View the publication online
Page, S., Mangalvedhekar, S., Deshpande, K., Chavan, T. & Sonawane, S., 'Mavericks at BLP-2023 Task 1: Ensemble-based Approach Using Language Models for Violence Inciting Text Detection' (2023), BLP 2023 - 1st Workshop on Bangla Language Processing, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 230–235
View the publication online
Pahuja, V., Neema, S. & Dubey, R., 'Securing Social Spaces: Cyberbullying Detection with ML and DL on Social Media Platforms' (2023), International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application, ICSCNA 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 1471–1476
View the publication online
Pahujani, R., Bhuyan, S., Rai, S. & Kaliyar, R.K., 'Abusive Content Detection using Deep Learning: A BERT-Based Approach' (2024), Proceedings - 2024 IEEE 16th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, CICN 2024, pp. 178–182
View the publication online
Pakkala-Weckström, M., 'When your neighbor becomes a threat How COVID-19 divided a community in online discussions' (2023), Internet Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 219–238
View the publication online
Pal, D., Chaudhari, K. & Sharma, H., 'Combating high variance in Data-Scarce Implicit Hate Speech Classification' (2022), IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON, 2022-November
View the publication online
Pal, V.B. & Pushparaj Shetty, D., 'Integrating Link Prediction and Comment Analysis for Enhanced Cyberbullying Detection in Online Social Interactions' (2024), Proceedings of CONECCT 2024 - 10th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies
View the publication online
Paladini, L. & Iglesias Vázquez, M. del Ángel (Eds.), 'Protection and Promotion of Freedom of Religions and Beliefs in the European Context' (2023), Cham: Springer
View the publication online
Palakodety, S., Khudabukhsh, A.R. & Carbonell, J.G., 'The Refugee Experience Online: Surfacing Positivity Amidst Hate' (2020), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 325, pp. 2925-2926
View the publication online
Palanivinayagam, A., El-Bayeh, C.Z. & Damaševičius, R., 'Twenty Years of Machine-Learning-Based Text Classification: A Systematic Review' (2023), Algorithms, 16(5), 236
View the publication online
Palazón-Fernández, J.L., Mata-Perez, C., Gilart, E., Costobal Calvo, E.M., Cruz-Barrientos, A. & Bocchino, A., 'Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic' (2023), Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(11), 1564
View the publication online
Palmirani, M., Catizone, C., Venditti, G. & Sapienza, S., 'Multilevel Hate Speech Classification Based on Multilingual Case-Law' (2023), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 379, pp. 317–322
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W. & Chiril, P., 'Ngalawan Ujaran Sengit: hate speech detection in Indonesian code-mixed social media data' (2025), Language Resources and Evaluation, e0237861
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Basile, V. & Patti, V., 'Investigating the role of swear words in abusive language detection tasks' (2022), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Basile, V. & Patti, V., 'Misogyny Detection in Twitter: A Multilingual and Cross-Domain Study' (2020), Information Processing and Management, 102360 [online]
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Fatmawati, A. & Salam, F.D., 'Hate Speech Detection on Indonesian Social Media: A Preliminary Study on Code-Mixed Language Issue' (2022), NLPIR '22: Proceedings of the 2022 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval, pp. 104–109
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Fatmawati, A., Nugroho, Y.S., Gunawan, D. & Sudarmilah, E., 'Hate Speech Detection in Code-Mixed Indonesian Social Media: Exploiting Multilingual Languages Resources' (2022), 2022 7th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2022
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Purworini, D, Putri, D.G.P. & Akhtar, S., 'Enhancing hate speech detection in Indonesian using abusive words lexicon' (2024), Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 33(1), pp. 450–462
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Purworini, D., Priyawati, D. & Chasana, R.R.B., 'Exploring the Impact of Lexicon-based Knowledge Transfer for Hate Speech Detection in Indonesia Code-Mixed Languages' (2023), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 85–90
View the publication online
Pamungkas, E.W., Putri, D.G.P. & Fatmawati, A., 'Hate Speech Detection in Bahasa Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities' (2023), International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(6), pp. 1175–1181
View the publication online
Pan, R., García-Díaz, J.A. & Valencia-García, R., 'Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection in English' (2024), CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 140(3), pp. 2849–2868
View the publication online
Pan, R., García-Díaz, J.A. & Valencia-García, R., 'Spanish MTLHateCorpus 2023: Multi-task learning for hate speech detection to identify speech type, target, target group and intensity' (2025), Computer Standards and Interfaces, 94, 103990
View the publication online
Panagaki, N., Archakis, A. & Tsakona, V., 'Exploring primary school immigrant students’ soft hate speech: evidence from Greece' (2025), Critical Discourse Studies [online]
View the publication online
Panchala, G.H., Sasank, V.V.S., Adidela, D.R.H., Yellamma, P., Ashesh, K. & Prasad, C., 'Hate Speech & Offensive Language Detection Using ML & NLP' (2022), Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology, ICSSIT 2022, pp. 1262-1268
View the publication online
Panda, A., Anand, A., Bebortta, S., Sekhar Tripathy, S. & Mukherjee, T., 'Real-Time Hate Speech Recognition Along with Educational Feedback and Automatic Reporting' (2024), 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, Signal Processing, and Communication, AESPC 2024
View the publication online
Panda, P., Mishra, S., Sharma, V. & Alkhayyat, A., 'A Voting Enabled Predictive Approach for Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Proceedings of International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics, IC3I 2023, pp. 450–454
View the publication online
Pandey, S., Meshram, A., Khatarkar, S. & Joshi, A.S., 'A Machine Learning-Based Approach to Combat Hate Speech on Social Media' (2024), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1146 LNEE, pp. 203–214
View the publication online
Pandey, Y., Sharma, M., Siddiqui, M.K. & Yadav, S.S., 'Hate Speech Detection Model Using Bag of Words and Naïve Bayes' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 318, pp. 457-470
View the publication online
Pane, M.M.M.M.P., Siregar, C.C.S., Rumeser, J.A.A.J. & Aag Gea, A.A., 'The performance mapping for the viewpoint of hate-speech on YouTube in Millenials (A Case Study of Students in A Private University)' (2021), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, PartF168985, pp. 108-114
View the publication online
Panwar, J. & Mamidi, R., 'PanwarJayant at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Exploring the Effectiveness of Conventional Machine Learning Techniques for Online Sexism Detection' (2023), 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 1531–1536
View the publication online
Papaioannou, T. & Monaghan, L.F., 'Affect as Community Connectedness: Re-Framing Weight-Related Stigma and Disordered Eating Online' (2023), Journal of Communication Inquiry [online]
View the publication online
Papcunová, J. & Liptáková, E., 'Online hate speech and value orientation. Does value preference affect how we perceive hate against migrants on the Internet? | ONLINE NENÁVISTNÉ PREJAVY A HODNOTOVÁ ORIENTÁCIA. OVPLYVŇUJE PREFERENCIA HODNÔT TO AKO VNÍMAME NENÁVISŤ VOČI MIGRANTOM NA INTERNETE?' (2024), Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 68(1), pp. 1–14
View the publication online
Papcunová, J., Martončik, M., Fedáková, D., Kentoš, M. & Adamkovič, M., 'Perception of Hate Speech by the Public and Experts: Insights into Predictors of the Perceived Hate Speech Towards Migrants' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
View the publication online
Papuchiev, N., 'Language of Hate – Strategies for Manipulation: Discussion on Dunav Most / Serial Movie (1999) in Bulgarian Newspapers' (2023), Balkanistic Forum, 32(2), pp. 253–265
View the publication online
Paraschiv, A., Cojocaru, A. & Dascalu, M., 'Automated Offensive Comment Detection for the Romanian Language' (2024), Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 36, pp. 85–110
View the publication online
Paraschiv, A., Dascalu, M. & Cercel, D.-C., 'UPB at SemEval-2022 Task 5: Enhancing UNITER with Image Sentiment and Graph Convolutional Networks for Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification' (2022), SemEval 2022 - 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 618-625
View the publication online
Paraschiv, A., Ion, T.A. & Dascalu, M., 'Offensive Text Span Detection in Romanian Comments Using Large Language Models' (2024), Information (Switzerland), 15(1), 8
View the publication online