Publications: Hate speech
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Toktarova, A., Iztaev, Z., Kozhabekova, P., Suieuova, N., Opondo, R.O., Kerimbekov, M. & Zhunisbekova, Z., 'Automated hate speech classification using emotion analysis in social media user generated texts' (2022), Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 100(22), pp. 6621-6634
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Toktarova, A., Syrlybay, D., Myrzakhmetova, B., Anuarbekova, G., Rakhimbayeva, G., Zhylanbaeva, B., Suieuova, N. & Kerimbekov, M., 'Hate Speech Detection in Social Networks using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods' (2023), International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(5), pp. 396-406
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Toliyat, A., Levitan, S.I., Peng, Z. & Etemadpour, R., 'Asian hate speech detection on Twitter during COVID-19' (2022), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, 932381
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Tomas, J.P.Q., Carlos, K.A.C., Ebora, J.R.O. & Garin, D.E.A., 'Optimizing Language Model-based Algorithms for Enhanced Content Moderation and Toxicity Classification Using Twitter Data' (2024), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 26–34
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Tommasini, R., Illievski, F. & Wijesiriwardene, T., 'IMKG: The Internet Meme Knowledge Graph' (2023), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13870 LNCS, pp. 354–371
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Tong, S.T. & DeAndrea, D.C., 'The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(1)
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Tonneau, M., de Castro, P.V.Q., Lasri, K., Farouq, I., Subramanian, L., Orozco-Olvera, V. & Fraiberger, S.P., 'NAIJAHATE: Evaluating Hate Speech Detection on Nigerian Twitter Using Representative Data' (2024), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1, pp. 9020–9040
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Tontodimamma, A., del Gobbo, E., Russo, V., Sarra, A. & Fontanella, L., 'Facebook Debate on Sea Watch 3 Case: Detecting Offensive Language Through Automatic Topic Mining Techniques' (2021), Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, pp. 367-378
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Tontodimamma, A., Fontanella, L., Anzani, S. & Basile, V., 'An Italian lexical resource for incivility detection in online discourses' (2022), Quality and Quantity [online]
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Tontodimamma, A., Nissi, E., Sarra, A. & Fontanella, L., 'Thirty Years of Research Into Hate Speech: Topics of Interest and Their Evolution' (2020), Scientometrics [online]
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Topidi, K., 'Accountability in the globalised digital age: Online content moderation and hate speech in the European Union' (2021), in P. Mikuli & G. Kuca (Eds.) Accountability and the Law: Rights, Authority and Transparency of Public Power (pp. 9-27), London: Routledge
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Topidi, K., 'Attacking Muslim Minority Women Online' (2024), Journal of Religion in Europe, 17(4), pp. 434–472
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Toraman, C., Şahinuç, F. & Yilmaz, E.H., 'BlackLivesMatter 2020: An Analysis of Deleted and Suspended Users in Twitter' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 290-295
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Törnberg, A. & Törnberg, P., 'White supremacists anonymous: how digital media emotionally energize far-right movements' (2023), Journal of Information Technology and Politics [online]
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Törnberg, A. & Törnberg, P., 'Intimate Communities of Hate: Why Social Media Fuels Far-Right Extremism' (2024), London: Routledge
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Torrens-Urrutia, A., Jiménez-López, M.D. & Campillo-Muñoz, S., 'Dealing with Evaluative Expressions and Hate Speech Metaphors with Fuzzy Property Grammar Systems' (2023), Axioms, 12(5), 484
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Toscano, M., 'Pornography, hate and freedom of expression. Ronald Dworkin’s arguments | [Pornografía, odio y libertad de expresión. Los argumentos de Ronald Dworkin]' (2022), Isegoria, (67), e04
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Toshevska, M., Kalajdziski, S. & Gievska, S., 'Graph Neural Networks for Antisocial Behavior Detection on Twitter' (2024), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1991 CCIS, pp. 222–236
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Trajano, D., Bordini, R.H. & Vieira, R., 'OLID-BR: offensive language identification dataset for Brazilian Portuguese' (2023), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
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Tran, H.N. & Kruschwitz, U., 'Towards Reducing Misinformation and Toxic Content Using Cross-Lingual Text Summarization' (2023), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3406, pp. 1-16
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Trauthig, I.K., '‘This is the fate of Libyan women:’ contempt, ridicule, and indifference of Seham Sergiwa' (2024), Conflict, Security and Development, 24(2), pp. 149–173
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Tremblay, M.-C., 'The Wicked Interplay of Hate Rhetoric, Politics and the Internet: What Can Health Promotion Do to Counter Right-Wing Extremism?' (2020), Health Promotion International, 35(1), pp. 1-4
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Tretiakov, A., Martín, A. & Camacho, D., 'Detection of False Information in Spanish Using Machine Learning Techniques' (2022), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13756 LNCS, pp. 42-53
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Tri Wibowo, B., Nurjanah, D. & Nurrahmi, H., 'Identification of Misogyny on Social Media in Indonesian Using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)' (2023), 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication, ICAIIC 2023, pp. 401-406
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Trickett, L., 'The offensive blanket of free speech online' (2017), Solicitors Journal
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Trigoso, M., 'Parody against hate speech: On how political hate speech can be fought by turning the world upside down' (2023), Internet Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 259–284
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Trindade, L.V.P., 'Disparagement Humour and Gendered Racism on Social Media in Brazil' (2019), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Trindade, L.V.P., 'Disability is no laughing matter. A critical discourse analysis of disability mockery on social media in Brazil | Deficiência física não é motivo de piada. Uma análise crítica do discurso sobre a zombaria da deficiência física nas redes sociais no Brasil' (2023), Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies [online]
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Trindade, L.V.P., 'Hate speech and abusive behaviour on social media: A cross-cultural perspective' (2024), Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press
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Tripathi, G. & Natraj, S., 'Community hatred detection using deep learning on social media in an IoT environment' (2021), International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2021
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Tripathy, A., Goyal, A., Tyagi, U. & Tanwar, P., 'Detecting Twitter Hate Speech Using Sentiment Analysis' (2022), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 875, pp. 95-105
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Trivedi, S., Rastogi, S., Agrawal, S. & Sharma, R., 'Empowering Hate Speech Detection: A Comparative Exploration of Deep Learning Models' (2025), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2267 CCIS, pp. 171–183
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Trujillo, M., Gruppi, M., Buntain, C. & Horne, B.D., 'What Is BitChute?: Characterizing the “FreeSpeech” Alternative to YouTube' (2020), Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, HT 2020, pp. 139-140
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Trujillo-Fernández, F.R., Gallardo-Camacho, J. & Alonso, A.J., 'Masking violent content with religious symbology in jihadist videos: a case study of the terrorist organization Jabhat al Nusrah on YouTube | Enmascaramiento de contenidos violentos con simbología religiosa en vídeos yihadistas: estudio del mensaje de la organización terrorista Jabhat al Nusrah en YouTube' (2024), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico, 30(1), pp. 247–262
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Tsai, Y.-S. & Chang, Y.-Y., 'Can generative models be used to detect hate speech related to body shaming?' (2023), ROCLING 2023 - Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing, pp. 270–278
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Tsesis, A., 'Regulating intimidating speech' (2004), Harvard Journal on Legislation, 41(2), pp.389-406
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Tsirbas, Y. & Zirganou-Kazolea, L., 'Hate speech mainstreaming in the Greek virtual public sphere: A quantitative and qualitative approach' (2024), Communications [online]
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Tsokwa, M., 'Addressing Online Hate Speech: Nigeria’s National Framework and Regulations (2020-2023)' (2024), Rotura: Journal of Communication, Culture and Arts, 4(1), pp. 30–39
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Tsosie, R., 'Constitutional Law and Epistemic Injustice: Hate Speech, Stereotyping, and Recognition Harm' (2022), in P. Giladi & N. McMillan (Eds.) Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition (pp. 256-278), New York: Routledge
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Tu, F., Jiang, S. & Gong, X., 'Reviving the “Yellow Peril” Digitally: Anti-Asian Hate on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2024), International Journal of Communication, 18, pp. 1765–1788
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Tucker, J.A., 'Computational Social Science for Policy and Quality of Democracy: Public Opinion, Hate Speech, Misinformation, and Foreign Influence Campaigns' (2023), in E. Bertoni, M. Fontana, L. Gabrielli, S. Signorelli & M. Vespe (Eds.) Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy (pp. 381-403), Cham: Springer
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Tumber, H. & Waisbord, S. (Eds), 'The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism' (2021), London: Routledge
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Tunnicliffe, J., '“To attack the rights of one man is to attack the rights of everyone”: Conservative Rights Talk and Canada’s First Hate Speech Laws' (2024), American Review of Canadian Studies, 54(1), pp. 50–69
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Turgut, H., 'Governing through Hate: Discourse Strategies Used by the AKP Elites on Twitter to Justify the Decision to Withdraw from the Istanbul Convention | [Upravljanje mržnjom: strategije diskursa koje elitni članovi političke stranke AKPkoriste na Twitteru kako bi opravdali povlačenje iz Istanbulske konvencije]' (2022), Medijska Istrazivanja, 28(2), pp. 9-40
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Turjya, S.M., Kumari, R., Swain, S. & Bandyopadhyay, A., 'Multilingual Hate Speech and Offensive Language Detection' (2023), OCIT 2023 - 21st International Conference on Information Technology, Proceedings, pp. 660–664
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Turki, T. & Roy, S.S., 'Novel Hate Speech Detection Using Word Cloud Visualization and Ensemble Learning Coupled with Count Vectorizer' (2022), Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(13), 6611
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Turner, N., Holt, T.J., Brewer, R., Cale, J. & Goldsmith, A., 'Exploring the Relationship between Opportunity and Self-Control in Youth Exposure to and Sharing of Online Hate Content' (2022), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Tuters, M., Devries, M., Venturini, T., de Zeeuw, D. & Willaert, T., 'Reactionary sensemaking: Mapping the micropolitics of online oppositional subcultures' (2024), Big Data and Society, 11(1)
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Tverdokhlib, O., Vysotska, V., Pukach, P. & Vovk, M., 'Information Technology for Identifying Hate Speech in Online Communication Based on Machine Learning' (2024), Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 195, pp. 339–369
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Tworek, H.J.S., 'Fighting Hate with Speech Law: Media and German Visions of Democracy' (2021), Journal of Holocaust Research, 35(2), pp. 106-122
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