Publications: Hate speech
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Rico-Sulayes, A., 'How to train an algorithm to detect hate speech in the Israel-Palestine conflict | Cómo entrenar a un algoritmo para detectar el lenguaje de odio en el conflicto Israel-Palestina' (2025), European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10
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Ridwan, M. & Utami, E., 'Optimized Hyperparameter Tuning for Improved Hate Speech Detection with Multilayer Perceptron' (2024), Jurnal RESTI, 8(4), pp. 525–534
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Ridwanullah, A.O., Sule, S.Y., Usman, B. & Abdulsalam, L.U., 'Politicization of Hate and Weaponization of Twitter/X in a Polarized Digital Space in Nigeria' (2024), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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Rieger, D., Kümpel, A.S., Wich, M., Kiening, T. & Groh, G., 'Assessing the Extent and Types of Hate Speech in Fringe Communities: A Case Study of Alt-Right Communities on 8chan, 4chan, and Reddit' (2021), Social Media and Society, 7(4)
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Riekkinen, J., 'Targeting Targeted Harassment: Problems with Criminalization and Platform Liability' (2022), Jusletter IT, (June), pp. 383-392
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Rifat, R.H., Shruti, A.C., Kamal, M. & Sadeque, F., 'ACSMKRHR at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Explainable Online Sexism Detection (EDOS)' (2023), 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 724–732
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Rincón Martínez, A.M., 'Freedom of expression, prohibited speech and the right to a life free of violence | La libertad de expresión, discursos prohibidos y el derecho a una vida libre de violencia' (2025), Clio Revista De Historia Ciencias Humanas Y Pensamiento Critico, 5(10), pp. 859–884
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Rini, Utami, E. & Hartanto, A.D., 'Systematic Literature Review of Hate Speech Detection with Text Mining' (2020), 2020 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System, ICORIS 2020, 9320755
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Rinner, S., 'Slurs and Freedom of Speech' (2022), Journal of Applied Philosophy [online]
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Rios, R.R., 'LGBTQIA+ rights and neoconservative reaction: anti-discriminatory legal analysis of legislative “gay cure” initiatives | Direitos LGBTQIA+ e reação neoconservadora: análise jurídica antidiscriminatória das propostas legislativas de “cura gay”' (2025), Revista De Investigacoes Constitucionais, 12(1), e506
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Riquelme, F., Rivera, D. & Serrano, B., 'Analyzing the far-right political action on Twitter: The Chilean constituent process' (2022), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 161
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Rishi, P., Abhishek, K.S. & Rity Nivedha, Y., 'Hate Speech Detection in Tweets using Support Vector Machine' (2024), Proceedings - International Conference on Computing, Power, and Communication Technologies, IC2PCT 2024, pp. 1171–1175
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Riskhan, B., Hossain, M.S. & Ashfaq, F., 'Religious Sentiment Analysis and Detection on Social Media' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1152, pp. 245–262
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Ritter, L. (Ed.), 'American Conspiracism: An Interdisciplinary Exploration' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Rivadeneira-Pérez, E., de Jesús García-Santiago, M. & Callejas-Hernández, C., 'CIMAT-NLP at HOMO-MEX2023@IBERLEF: Machine Learning Techniques For Fine-grained Speech Detection Task' (2023), Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2023) co-located with the Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing (SEPLN 2023)
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Rivera-Martín, B. & Martínez de Bartolomé-Rincón, I., 'Analysis of Audiovisual Narrative, Violence and Hate Speech in Children’s Cartoons | Análisis de la narrativa audiovisual, la violencia y el discurso de odio en los dibujos animados infantiles' (2025), European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10
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Rivera-Martín, B., de Bartolomé Rincón, I.M. & López López, P.J., 'Hate speech towards LGTBIQ+ people: Media and social audience' (2022), Prisma Social, 39, pp. 213-233
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Rivo, V.A.S., 'Anti-religious discourse and freedom of speech: the criminal protection of religious feelings | DISCURSO ANTIRRELIGIOSO Y LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN: LA TUTELA PENAL DE LOS SENTIMIENTOS RELIGIOSOS' (2023), Teoria y Realidad Constitucional, (51), pp. 385–415
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Riyadi, S., Andriyani, A.D. & Masyhur, A.M., 'Improving Hate Speech Detection Accuracy Using Hybrid CNN-RNN and Random Oversampling Techniques' (2024), 2024 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ISIEA 2024
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Riyadi, S., Andriyani, A.D., Masyhur, A.M., Damarjati, C. & Solihin, M.I., 'Detection of Indonesian Hate Speech on Twitter Using Hybrid CNN-RNN' (2023), Proceeding - International Conference on Information Technology and Computing 2023, ICITCOM 2023, pp. 352–356
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Riyadi, S., Divayu Andriyani, A. & Noraini Sulaiman, S., 'Improving Hate Speech Detection Using Double-Layers Hybrid CNN-RNN Model on Imbalanced Dataset' (2024), IEEE Access, 12, pp. 159660–159668
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Rizos, G., Hemker, K. & Schuller, B., 'Augment to Prevent: Short-Text Data Augmentation in Deep Learning for Hate-Speech Classification' (2019), International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Proceedings, pp. 991-1000
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Rizzi, G., Astorino, A., Rosso, P. & Fersini, E., 'Unraveling Disagreement Constituents in Hateful Speech' (2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14611 LNCS, pp. 21–29
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Rizzi, G., Gasparini, F., Saibene, A., Rosso, P. & Fersini, E., 'Recognizing misogynous memes: Biased models and tricky archetypes' (2023), Information Processing and Management, 60(5), 103474
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Rizzi, G., Gimeno-Gómez, D., Fersini, E. & Martínez-Hinarejos, C.D., 'PINK at EXIST2024: A Cross-Lingual and Multi-Modal Transformer Approach for Sexism Detection in Memes' (2024), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3740, pp. 1177–1186
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Röbel, M., 'Hate Speech und die Grenzen der Kommunikation: Tillichs Fanatismus-Analysen im digitalen Zeitalter' (2022), in C. Danz, M. Dumas, W. Schüßler & B. Wagoner (Eds.) Liminal Spaces and Ethical Challenges: Yearbook 2021/2022 (pp. 93–115), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter
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Roberts, J.M., 'Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul' (2022), Law and Critique [online]
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Robertson, E., 'Free Speech and Challenges to Open-Mindedness in Higher Education' (2025), in W.D. Riggs (Ed.) Virtue of Open Mindedness and Perspective (pp. 101–121), New York: Oxford Academic
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Robie, D., 'FRONTLINE New Zealand’s 23-day Parliament siege QAnon and how social media disinformation manufactured an ‘alternate reality’' (2022), Pacific Journalism Review, 28(1-2), pp. 105-113
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Robinson, A.N., 'Color-evasive free speech ideology: A conceptual analysis of free speech as racial oppression in U.S. higher education' (2021), Critical Studies in Education [online]
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Robinson, S. & Hiltz, E., 'Platformed misogyny in Depp v Heard: #justiceforjohnny and networked defamation' (2024), Feminist Media Studies [online]
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Robles, J.-M., Guevara, J.-A., Casas-Mas, B. & Gömez, D., 'When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate | [Cuando la negatividad es el combustible. Bots y polarización política en el debate sobre el COVID-19]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-12
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Roca-Trenchs, N., López-Borrull, A. & Lalueza, F., 'Combating hate speech on Twitch: exploratory analysis of content moderation challenges | Combater o discurso de ódio no Twitch: análise exploratória dos desafios da moderação de conteúdos' (2025), Austral Comunicacion, 14(2), e01423
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Rocca, G., Lechiara, A., Gnecco, G.B., Magni, C., Gibelli, G. & Verde, A., 'How easy it is to hate on the net: who the haters are and why they do it | Quanto è facile odiare in rete: chi sono gli odiatori e perché lo fanno' (2024), Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia, 18(4), pp. 307–316
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Rodrigues, S., Ruzario, C., Pereira, C. & Tripathy, A.K., 'DSS for Hate Speech Detection' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1265 LNNS, pp. 481–492
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Rodriguez, A., 'Problems With a Statement' (2020), First Amendment Studies [online]
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Rodriguez Martinez, P., Martinez Joya, L. & Villegas Lirola, F., 'Hate-Speech Countering by Immigrant and Pro-Immigrant Associations in Almeria (Spain)' (2024), Social Sciences, 13(1), 33
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Rodriguez, A., Chen, Y. & Argueta, C., 'FADOHS: Framework for Detection and Integration of Unstructured Data of Hate Speech on Facebook Using Sentiment and Emotion Analysis' (2022), IEEE Access [online]
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Rodríguez, J.J., de Castro, P.C. & Diez, I.E.S., 'Policies of miscommunication during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Manipulation strategies to blame the 8M demonstrations | [Políticas de incomunicación ante la COVID-19 en España: Estrategias de manipulación para la culpabilización de las manifestaciones del 8M]' (2021), Historia y Comunicacion Social, 26, pp. 31-40
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Rodriguez, P., Mendoza, G. & Valenzuela, B.A., 'ICTs as a Means to Incite Bullying, Hatred and Crime' (2023), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3691, pp. 426–440
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Rodríguez, S.E., Allende-Cid, H. & Allende, H., 'Detecting Hate Speech in Cross-Lingual and Multi-lingual Settings Using Language Agnostic Representations' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12702 LNCS, pp. 77-87
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Rodríguez-García, M.Á., Riaño-Martínez, A. & Herranz, S.M., 'URJC-Team at HOPE2023@IberLEF: Multilingual Hope Speech Detection Using Transformers Architecture' (2023), Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2023) co-located with the Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing (SEPLN 2023)
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Rodríguez-Peral, E.M., Franco, T.G. & Bustos, D.R.P., 'Propagation of Hate Speech on Social Network X: Trends and Approaches' (2025), Social Inclusion, 13, 9317
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Rodríguez-Sánchez, F., Carrillo-de-Albornoz, J. & Plaza, L., 'Leveraging Unsupervised Task Adaptation and Semi-Supervised Learning With Semantic-Enriched Representations for Online Sexism Detection' (2024), Expert Systems [online]
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Rohith, Y.S. & Amanullah, M., 'Comparative Analysis of Gaussian Naive Bayes Algorithm With K-Neighbors Classifier With Improved Accuracy for Predicting Text Based Hate Speech Recognition' (2025), AIP Conference Proceedings, 3252(1), 020097
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Rohith, Y.V.S. & Amanullah, M., 'Prediction of text based hate speech recognition for improving accuracy by using the Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm compared with AdaBoost algorithm' (2025), AIP Conference Proceedings, 3267(1), 020130
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Rohith, Y.V.S. & Amanullah, M., 'Improving the Accuracy by Comparing the Gaussian Naive Bayes Algorithm and Logistic Regression for Predicting Hate Speech Recognition' (2024), 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024
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Roig, F.J.A., 'An Analytic and Liberal Defense of Freedom of Expression | [Una defensa analítica y liberal de la libertad de expresión]' (2022), Diritto and Questioni Pubbliche, 22(1), pp. 245-252
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Rojszczak, M., 'Online content filtering in EU law – A coherent framework or jigsaw puzzle?' (2022), Computer Law and Security Review, 47, 105739
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Rojszczak, M., 'Data retention in the light of copyright infringements: Protecting the status quo or seeking a third way? (Case C-470/21 La Quadrature du Net II)' (2024), Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law [online]
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