Publications: Hate speech
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Pollacci, L., Gneri, J. & Guidotti, R., 'An Interpretable Data-Driven Approach for Modeling Toxic Users via Feature Extraction' (2026), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2578 CCIS, pp. 180–201
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Polli, C. & Sindoni, M.G., 'Multimodal computation or interpretation? Automatic vs. critical understanding of text-image relations in racist memes in English' (2024), Discourse, Context and Media, 57, 100755
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Polymenopoulou, E., 'Arts, censorship and the Greek law' (2017), International Human Rights Law Review, 6(1), pp.109-132
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Polyzoidou, V., 'Digital Violence Against Women: Is There a Real Need for Special Criminalization?' (2024), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Pontes, C., Fonseca, A., Moro, S., Batista, F., Ribeiro, R., Marques, C., Carvalho, P., Silva, C. & Guerra, R., 'Unveiling Patterns of Hate Speech in the Portuguese Sphere: A Social Network Analysis Approach' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1176 LNNS, pp. 70–81
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Pookpanich, P. & Siriborvornratanakul, T., 'Offensive language and hate speech detection using deep learning in football news live streaming chat on YouTube in Thailand' (2024), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 18
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Poole, E., Giraud, E. & de Quincey, E.,, 'Contesting #StopIslam: The Dynamics of a counter-narrative against right-wing populism' (2019), Open Library of Humanities, 5(1) [online]
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Poole, E., Giraud, E.H., Richardson, J.E. & de Quincey, E., 'Expedient, Affective, and Sustained Solidarities? Mediated Contestations of Islamophobia in the Case of Brexit, the Christchurch Terror Attack, and the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(3)
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Poorani, S. & Valantina, G.M., 'Recognizing and removal of hate speech from social media using Google Net Classifier in comparison with Bayesian Regression for improved accuracy' (2025), in B.T. Hung, M. Sekar, A. ESI & R.S. Kumar (Eds.) Applications of Mathematics in Science and Technology (pp. 562-565), London: CRC Press
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Poorani, S. & Valantina, G.M., 'Effective Analysis of Hate Speech and Removing it From Social Media and Removing it Using GoogleNet Classifier Over PSO Classifier for Improved Accuracy' (2025), AIP Conference Proceedings, 3252(1), 020091
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Poorani, S. & Valantina, G.M., 'Hate Speech Identification and Avoiding it Using GoogleNet Classifier Over Ensemble Decision Tree for Improved Accuracy' (2025), AIP Conference Proceedings, 3252(1), 020092
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Poorani, S. & Valantina, G.M., 'Identification of hate speech from social media using GoogleNet classifier in comparison with KNN classifier' (2024), 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024
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Popa-Wyatt, M., 'Online Hate: Is Hate an Infectious Disease? Is Social Media a Promoter?' (2023), Journal of Applied Philosophy [online]
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Popova, I., 'Digital Platforms Regulation in Brazil: The Political Context of New Laws Adoption | Регулирование цифровых платформ в Бразилии: политический контекст согласования новых законов' (2024), International Organisations Research Journal, 19(2), pp. 93–109
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Porrino, G., Borgonovo, F. & Arru, M., 'Recruit and threaten: hate speech detection within the pro-Wagner digital ecosystem on Telegram' (2025), Defense and Security Analysis, 41(2), pp. 319–335
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Possamai, A. & Tittensor, D. (Eds.), 'Muslims in Contemporary Australia' (2026), Muslim Minority Series (Vol. 47), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill
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Posselt, G., 'Can hatred speak? On the linguistic dimensions of hate crime' (2017), Linguistik Online, 82(3), pp.5-25
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Poulakidakos, S., Veneti, A. & Rovisco, M. (Eds.), 'Social Movements and Everyday Acts of Resistance: Solidarity in a Changing World' (2023), London: Routledge
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Poulton, E., '“What have 6 million dead people got to do with football?”: How Anglo-Jewish football supporters experience and respond to antisemitism and “banter”' (2023), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Powell, R., 'Toothless Rhetoric or Strategic Polemic? A Textual and Contextual Analysis of Japan’s Hate Speech Law' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Powell, A. & Williams-Johnson, D., '“You dumb cracker b*tch”: The legitimizing of White supremacy during a Twitch ban of HasanAbi' (2023), New Media and Society [online]
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Powell, A. & Williams-Johnson, D., 'You dumb cracker b*tch”: The legitimizing of White supremacy during a Twitch ban of HasanAbi' (2025), New Media and Society, 27(3), pp. 1318–1335
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Powell, A., Flynn, A. & Sugiura, L. (Eds.), 'The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology' (2022), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Prabhu, R. & Seethalakshmi, V., 'A comprehensive framework for multi-modal hate speech detection in social media using deep learning' (2025), Scientific Reports, 15(1), 13020
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Pradana, M.Y.A., 'Migration, Islamophobia, and Politics: A Study of the Changing Religious Landscape in Europe' (2025), Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 24(71), pp. 79–95
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Pradel, F., 'Influence of hate speech about refugees in search algorithms on political attitudes: An online experiment' (2024), New Media and Society [online]
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Pradhan, R., Chaturvedi, A., Tripathi, A. & Sharma, D.K., 'A Review on Offensive Language Detection' (2020), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 94, pp. 433-439
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Pradhan, S.R., Yadav, S., Yang, T., Wang, L., Rathore, B. & Tripathy, H.K., 'Hate and Offensive Speech Detection Using Machine Learning' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1085 LNNS, pp. 369–377
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Pradhan, T., Bhutkar, G. & Pangaonkar, A., 'Prototype Design of a Multi-modal AI-Based Web Application for Hateful Content Detection in Social Media Posts' (2022), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13198 LNCS, pp. 404-411
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Prados, M.Á.H., Muñoz, J.S.Á. & Castillo, M.P., 'Hate Messages in Adolescents: A Gender Perspective? | Los Mensajes de Odio en Adolescentes: ¿Una Perspectiva de Género?' (2024), Revista Internacional de Educacion para la Justicia Social, 13(1), pp. 269–285
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Prakash Raj, S., Pravin, D., Sabareeswaran, G., Sanjith, R.K. & Gomathi, B., 'Deepfake Detection Using Deep Learning' (2024), 10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2024, pp. 1768–1774
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Prakash, B.A., Wang, D. & Weninger, T. (Eds.), 'Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2023' (2023), New York: Association for Computing Machinery
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Prakash, V.J. & Vijay, S.A.A., 'A Unified Framework for Analyzing Textual Context and Intent in Social Media' (2024), ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, 15(6), 118
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Pranith, P., Samhita, V., Sarath, D. & Thenmozhi, D., 'Homophobia and Transphobia Detection of Youtube Comments in Code-Mixed Dravidian Languages using Deep learning' (2022), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3395, pp. 117-123
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Prasad, D., Kadambari, K.V., Mukati, R. & Singariya, S., 'Real-Time Multi-Lingual Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Social Networks Using Meta-Learning' (2023), IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON, pp. 31–35
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Prasad, N., Saha, S. & Bhattacharyya, P., 'A Multimodal Classification of Noisy Hate Speech using Character Level Embedding and Attention' (2021), Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2021-July
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Prasanna Kumar, R., Bharathi Mohan, G., Elakkiya, R. & Varsha, P., 'A Comparison of Word Embeddings for Comment Toxicity Detection: Detection Power of Computer' (2023), 2023 International Conference on Communication, Security and Artificial Intelligence, ICCSAI 2023, pp. 393–398
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Prasannan, P., Kumaresan, P.K., Rajiakodi, S., Subalalitha, C.N. & Chakravarthi, B.R., 'Counter-speech generation for homophobic and transphobic social media content in Malayalam' (2025), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 15(1), 87
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Prasetyo, V.R. & Samudra, A.H., 'Hate speech content detection system on Twitter using K-nearest neighbor method' (2022), AIP Conference Proceedings, 2470, 050001
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Pratiwi, R.W., Handayani, S.F., Dairoh, D. & Af'Idah, D.I., 'Sentiment analysis on Twitter reviews data using the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLTM)' (2024), AIP Conference Proceedings, 3070(1), 030021
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Pratiwit, N.I., Budi, I. & Jiwanggi, M.A., 'Hate Speech Identification Using the Hate Codes for Indonesian Tweets' (2019), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 128-133
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Pratten, E., 'The Manosphere: Incel as Transmedial Construction' (2023), in J. Dalby & M. Freeman (Eds.) Transmedia Selves: Identity and Persona Creation in the Age of Mobile and Multiplatform Media (pp. 147-160), London: Routledge
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Prawiraharja, T.R., 'Legal Sociological Analysis of the Dissemination of False News and Insults Containing Discrimination in the Information and Electronic Transactions Law' (2024), Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicacoes, 16(2), pp. 153–178
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Prażmo, E., 'Foids are worse than animals. A cognitive linguistics analysis of dehumanizing metaphors in online discourse' (2020), Topics in Linguistics, 21(2), pp. 16-27
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Preetham, J. & Anitha, J., 'Offensive Language Detection in Social Media Using Ensemble Techniques' (2023), Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies, ICCPCT 2023, pp. 805–808
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Preetham, K., Arun Arumugham, D., Yogesh Kumar, M. & Shameedha Begum, B., 'Abusive Speech Detection and Politeness Transfer' (2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13102 LNCS, pp. 81–90
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Preisker, J., 'On mediated disrespect: Theoretical considerations about the political sphere in social media' (2022), in D. Della Ratta, G. Lovink, T. Numerico & P. Sarram (Eds.) The Aesthetics and Politics of the Online Self: A Savage Journey into the Heart of Digital Cultures (pp. 61–78), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Pribanic-Smith, E.J. & Schroeder, J., 'Breaking the White Circle: How the Press and Courts Quieted a Chicago Hate Group, 1949–1952' (2021), American Journalism, 38(4), pp. 416-449
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Prithila, S.J., Tonima, F.H., Oishi, T.T., Islam, M.N., Rhythm, E.R., Amit, A.M. & Rasel, A.A., 'Detecting Derogatory Comments on Women using Transformer-Based Models' (2023), Proceeding - COMNETSAT 2023: IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite, pp. 278–284
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Priya & Gupta, S., 'Identification of Political Hate Speech Using Machine Learning-Based Text Toxicity Analysis' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 516, pp. 217-236
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