Publications

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Shively, M., McDevitt, J., Cronin, S. & Balboni, J., 'Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of bias crime in Massachusetts high schools, Final Report' (2001), (NCJ 200991), Office of Justice Programs
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Shodiya-Zeumault, S., DeBlaere, C., Aiello, M., Said, I.A. & Davis, D.E., 'Responses to the Unite the Right Rally: Perceptions, Stress, and the Moderating Role of Interpersonal Proximity' (2021), Race and Social Problems, 13(4), pp. 320-329
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Shridhara, M.G., Pristaš, V., Kotvytskiy, A., Antoni, L. & Semanišin, G., 'A short review on hate speech detection: Challenges towards datasets and techniques' (2023), DISA 2023 - World Symposium on Digital Intelligence for Systems and Machines, Proceedings, pp. 204–209
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Shrikant, N., Giles, H. & Angus, D., 'Language and Social Psychology Approaches to Race, Racism, and Social Justice: Analyzing the Past and Revealing Ways Forward' (2022), Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 41(1), pp. 4-28
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Shrimali, S., 'A Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning-Based Framework to Automatically Identify Cyberbullying and Hate Speech in Real-Time' (2022), 2022 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference, URTC 2022
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Shruthi, P. & Anil Kumar, K.M., 'Novel approach for generating hybrid features set to effectively identify hate speech' (2020), Inteligencia Artificial, 23(66), pp. 97-111
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Shubhang, S., Kumar, S., Jindal, U., Kumar, A. & Roy, N.R., 'Identification of Hate Speech and Offensive Content using BI-GRU-LSTM-CNN Model' (2023), IDCIoT 2023 - International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, Proceedings, pp. 536-541
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Shuhufi, M., Fatmawati, Qadaruddin, M., Basyir, J., Yunus, M.M. & Nur, N.M., 'Islamic Law and Social Media: Analyzing the Fatwa of Indonesian Ulama Council Regarding Interaction on Digital Platforms' (2022), Samarah, 6(2), pp. 823-843
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Shukla, A. & Arora, D., 'Deep Learning Model for Identification and Classification of Web based Toxic Comments' (2023), 2023 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology, APSIT 2023, pp. 274–279
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Shukla, S., Nagpal, S. & Sabharwal, S., 'Hate Speech Detection in Hindi language using BERT and Convolution Neural Network' (2022), 3rd IEEE 2022 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems, ICCCIS 2022, pp. 642-647
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Shushkevich, E., Cardiff, J., Rosso, P. & Akhtyamova, L., 'Offensive Language Recognition in Social Media' (2020), Computacion y Sistemas, 24(2), pp. 523-532
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Shwetha, S., Sivakumar, S., Priyadharshini, T., Thenmozhi, D., Bharathi, B. & Krithika, S., 'Tercet@LT-EDI: Homophobia/Transphobia Detection in social media comment' (2023), LTEDI 2023 - 3rd Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, associated with the 14th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 266–271
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Sian, K., 'Stupid Paki loving bitch: The politics of online Islamophobia and misogyny' (2018), in M. Bhatia, S. Poynting & W. Tufail (Eds), Media, Crime and Racism. Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture (pp.117-138). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Sian, K.P., 'Surveillance, Islamophobia, and Sikh Bodies in the War on Terror' (2017), Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(1), pp.37-52
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Siapera, E., 'AI Content Moderation, Racism and (de)Coloniality' (2021), International Journal of Bullying Prevention [online]
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Siapera, E., 'Organised and ambient digital racism: Multidirectional flows in the Irish digital sphere' (2019), Open Library of Humanities, 5(1) [online]
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Siapera, E. & Papadopoulou, L., 'The affective and political economy of hate journalism: Toxic masculinity, misogynism and homophobia in Greek extreme right-wing media | Η ΣΥΝΑΙΣΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΜΙΣΟΥΣ: ΤΟΞΙΚΗ ΑΡΡΕΝΩΠΟΤΗΤΑ, ΜΙΣΟΓΥΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΜΟΦΟΒΙΑ ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΑΚΡΟΔΕΞΙΑ ΜΜΕ' (2023), Greek Review of Social Research, 161, pp. 73–93
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Siapera, E. & Papadopoulou, L., 'Hate as a ‘hook’: The political and affective economy of ‘hate journalism’' (2021), Journalism [online]
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Siapera, E. & Viejo-Otero, P., 'Governing Hate: Facebook and Digital Racism' (2021), Television and New Media, 22(2), pp. 112-130
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Sibanyoni, E.K., Mkhize, S. & Amali, S.E., 'LGBTQIA+ victimization: A theoretical discourse' (2023), Sexuality, Gender and Policy [online]
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Sibbitt, R., 'The perpetrators of racial harassment and racial violence' (1997), Home Office Research Study 176. London: Home Office
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Sibrian, N., Alfaro, A. & Núñez, J.C., 'Validation of an instrument on exposure of migrant communities to hate speech in the Chilean media ecosystem: preliminary results | Validación de instrumento sobre exposición de comunidades migrantes a discursos de odio en el ecosistema mediático chileno: resultados preliminares' (2024), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2024(82)
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Siegel, A.A. & Badaan, V., '#No2Sectarianism: Experimental Approaches to Reducing Sectarian Hate Speech Online' (2020), American Political Science Review [online]
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Siegel, A.A., Nikitin, E., Barberá, P., Sterling, J., Pullen, B., Bonneau, R., Nagler, J. & Tucker, J.A., 'Trumping hate on Twitter? Online hate speech in the 2016 U.S. Election campaign and its aftermath' (2021), Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 16(1), pp. 71-104
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Siegel, M., Sherman, R., Li, C. & Knopov, A., 'The Relationship between Racial Residential Segregation and Black-White Disparities in Fatal Police Shootings at the City Level, 2013–2017' (2019), Journal of the National Medical Association [online]
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Sifak, Q. & Setiawan, E.B., 'Hate Speech Detection using CNN and BiGRU with Attention Mechanism on Twitter' (2023), Proceeding - COMNETSAT 2023: IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite, pp. 170–175
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Siino, M., Lomonaco, F. & Rosso, P., 'Backtranslate what you are saying and I will tell who you are' (2024), Expert Systems [online]
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Silva, N., 'Breaking down barriers: NSW police beating anti-gay violence' (1996), New South Wales Police News, 76(9), 33

Silva, C., 'Fighting Against Hate Speech: A Case for Harnessing Interactive Digital Counter-Narratives' (2023), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14383 LNCS, pp. 159–174
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Silva, C. & Carvalho, P., 'When Can Compliments and Humour Be Considered Hate Speech? A Perspective From Target Groups in Portugal | Quando É que os Elogios e o Humor Podem Ser Considerados Discurso de Ódio? Uma Perspetiva dos Grupos-Alvo em Portugal' (2023), Comunicacao e Sociedade, 43, e023006
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Silva, E., Nandathilaka, M., Dalugoda, S., Amarasinghe, T., Ahangama, S. & Weerasuriya, G.T., 'Machine Learning-Based Automated Tool to Detect Sinhala Hate Speech in Images' (2021), Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Information Technology Research: Digital Resilience and Reinvention, ICITR 2021
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Silva, J.M., Ornat, M.J., Cabral, V. & Machado, D.L.C., '“When a Trans Is Killed, Another Thousand Rise!”: Transnecropolitics and Resistance in Brazil' (2022), in Rethinking Transgender Identities: Reflections from Around the Globe (pp. 198-209), London: Routledge
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Simm, G., 'Queering CEDAW? Sexual orientation, gender identity and expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in international human rights law' (2021), Griffith Law Review [online]
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Simmons, K.C., 'Subverting symbolism: The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act and cooperative federalism' (2012), American Criminal Law Review, 49(4)
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Simmons, H.M., 'Trans liberation under neoliberal governmentality: An argument against rights-based activism' (2023), Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 32(2), pp. 221–228
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Simons, K. W. , 'On equality, bias crimes and just deserts' (2000), The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 91(1), pp.237-268
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Simpson, E., 'Spinning Hate: Mississippi’s Post-Brown PR Offensive and the Secret Campaign Against ‘Agitators,’ 1956-1960' (2024), American Journalism [online]
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Simpson, R. & Holdaway, L., 'Between rhetoric and reality: reclaiming the space for locally led peacebuilding that responds to conflict dynamics in violent and hateful extremism programming' (2023), Conflict, Security and Development, 23(5), pp. 385–400
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Simpson, R.M., '‘Won’t Somebody Please Think of the Children?’ Hate Speech, Harm, and Childhood' (2019), Law and Philosophy, 38(1), pp.79-108
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Sims, G.M., Kia-Keating, M., Sanchez, A., Beylin, N., Evans, M. & Tran, M., 'Anti-Asian American Discrimination and COVID-19: Living with Fear' (2022), International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 11(3), pp. 206-213
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Sin, C.H., 'Commentary on “‘I felt I deserved it’ – Experiences and implications of disability hate crime”' (2016), Tizard Learning Disability Review, 21(2), pp.89-94
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Sin, C.H., 'Researching hate crime against disabled people – Working through ethical considerations when the ‘personal is political’' (2018), In Ron Iphofen & Martin Tolich (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Ethics (pp.322-338). London: SAGE Publications

Sin, C.H., 'Using a ‘layers of influence’ model to understand the interaction of research, policy and practice in relation to disablist hate crime' (2014), in Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J. (2014) Responding to hate crime: the case for connecting policy and research. Bristol: Policy Press.

Sin, C., Mguni, N., Cook, C., Comber, N. & Hedges, A., 'Targeted violence, harassment and abuse against people with learning disabilities in Great Britain' (2010), Tizard Learning Disability Review, 15(1), pp.17-27
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Sin, C.H., Hedges, A., Cooke, C., Mguni, N. & Comber, N., 'Disabled people’s experiences of targeted violence and hostility' (2009), Office for Public Management. Report for the Equality and Human Rights Commission.
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Sin, C.H., Sheikh, S. & Khanna, M., 'Police readiness for tackling hate crime against people with learning disabilities – Areas for improvement and examples of good practice' (2012), Safer Communities, 11(3), pp.145-153
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Singh, J., 'Desire, patriotism, and Sikh subjectivity' (2017), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory [online], pp. 1-14
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Singh, J., 'Memory, invisibility, and the Oak Creek Gurdwara massacre: A Sikh American perspective of the ‘post-racial’ US' (2013), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 9(2), pp.215-225
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Singh Gill, S. & Worley, C., 'ʼHow did it go?ʼ Negotiating race, racialisation and identity when teaching issues of race and equality in HE' (2010), Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences, 2(3)
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Singh, A. & Ray, R., 'Identifying Offensive Content in Social Media Posts' (2021), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1402 CCIS, pp. 1-8
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