Publications
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Siapera, E. & Viejo-Otero, P., 'Governing Hate: Facebook and Digital Racism' (2021), Television and New Media, 22(2), pp. 112-130
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Sibanyoni, E.K., Mkhize, S. & Amali, S.E., 'LGBTQIA+ victimization: A theoretical discourse' (2023), Sexuality, Gender and Policy [online]
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Sibbitt, R., 'The perpetrators of racial harassment and racial violence' (1997), Home Office Research Study 176. London: Home Office
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Sibrian, N., Alfaro, A. & Núñez, J.C., 'Validation of an instrument on exposure of migrant communities to hate speech in the Chilean media ecosystem: preliminary results | Validación de instrumento sobre exposición de comunidades migrantes a discursos de odio en el ecosistema mediático chileno: resultados preliminares' (2024), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2024(82)
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Siegel, A.A. & Badaan, V., '#No2Sectarianism: Experimental Approaches to Reducing Sectarian Hate Speech Online' (2020), American Political Science Review [online]
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Siegel, A.A., Nikitin, E., Barberá, P., Sterling, J., Pullen, B., Bonneau, R., Nagler, J. & Tucker, J.A., 'Trumping hate on Twitter? Online hate speech in the 2016 U.S. Election campaign and its aftermath' (2021), Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 16(1), pp. 71-104
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Siegel, M., Sherman, R., Li, C. & Knopov, A., 'The Relationship between Racial Residential Segregation and Black-White Disparities in Fatal Police Shootings at the City Level, 2013–2017' (2019), Journal of the National Medical Association [online]
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Sifak, Q. & Setiawan, E.B., 'Hate Speech Detection using CNN and BiGRU with Attention Mechanism on Twitter' (2023), Proceeding - COMNETSAT 2023: IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite, pp. 170–175
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Siino, M., Lomonaco, F. & Rosso, P., 'Backtranslate what you are saying and I will tell who you are' (2024), Expert Systems [online]
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Silva, N., 'Breaking down barriers: NSW police beating anti-gay violence' (1996), New South Wales Police News, 76(9), 33
Silva, C., 'Fighting Against Hate Speech: A Case for Harnessing Interactive Digital Counter-Narratives' (2023), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14383 LNCS, pp. 159–174
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Silva, C. & Carvalho, P., 'When Can Compliments and Humour Be Considered Hate Speech? A Perspective From Target Groups in Portugal | Quando É que os Elogios e o Humor Podem Ser Considerados Discurso de Ódio? Uma Perspetiva dos Grupos-Alvo em Portugal' (2023), Comunicacao e Sociedade, 43, e023006
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Silva, E., Nandathilaka, M., Dalugoda, S., Amarasinghe, T., Ahangama, S. & Weerasuriya, G.T., 'Machine Learning-Based Automated Tool to Detect Sinhala Hate Speech in Images' (2021), Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Information Technology Research: Digital Resilience and Reinvention, ICITR 2021
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Silva, J.M., Ornat, M.J., Cabral, V. & Machado, D.L.C., '“When a Trans Is Killed, Another Thousand Rise!”: Transnecropolitics and Resistance in Brazil' (2022), in Rethinking Transgender Identities: Reflections from Around the Globe (pp. 198-209), London: Routledge
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Simm, G., 'Queering CEDAW? Sexual orientation, gender identity and expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in international human rights law' (2021), Griffith Law Review [online]
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Simmons, K.C., 'Subverting symbolism: The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act and cooperative federalism' (2012), American Criminal Law Review, 49(4)
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Simmons, H.M., 'Trans liberation under neoliberal governmentality: An argument against rights-based activism' (2023), Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 32(2), pp. 221–228
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Simons, K. W. , 'On equality, bias crimes and just deserts' (2000), The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 91(1), pp.237-268
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Simpson, E., 'Spinning Hate: Mississippi’s Post-Brown PR Offensive and the Secret Campaign Against ‘Agitators,’ 1956-1960' (2024), American Journalism [online]
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Simpson, R. & Holdaway, L., 'Between rhetoric and reality: reclaiming the space for locally led peacebuilding that responds to conflict dynamics in violent and hateful extremism programming' (2023), Conflict, Security and Development, 23(5), pp. 385–400
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Simpson, R.M., '‘Won’t Somebody Please Think of the Children?’ Hate Speech, Harm, and Childhood' (2019), Law and Philosophy, 38(1), pp.79-108
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Sims, G.M., Kia-Keating, M., Sanchez, A., Beylin, N., Evans, M. & Tran, M., 'Anti-Asian American Discrimination and COVID-19: Living with Fear' (2022), International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 11(3), pp. 206-213
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Sin, C.H., 'Commentary on “‘I felt I deserved it’ – Experiences and implications of disability hate crime”' (2016), Tizard Learning Disability Review, 21(2), pp.89-94
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Sin, C.H., 'Researching hate crime against disabled people – Working through ethical considerations when the ‘personal is political’' (2018), In Ron Iphofen & Martin Tolich (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Ethics (pp.322-338). London: SAGE Publications
Sin, C.H., 'Using a ‘layers of influence’ model to understand the interaction of research, policy and practice in relation to disablist hate crime' (2014), in Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J. (2014) Responding to hate crime: the case for connecting policy and research. Bristol: Policy Press.
Sin, C., Mguni, N., Cook, C., Comber, N. & Hedges, A., 'Targeted violence, harassment and abuse against people with learning disabilities in Great Britain' (2010), Tizard Learning Disability Review, 15(1), pp.17-27
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Sin, C.H., Hedges, A., Cooke, C., Mguni, N. & Comber, N., 'Disabled people’s experiences of targeted violence and hostility' (2009), Office for Public Management. Report for the Equality and Human Rights Commission.
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Sin, C.H., Sheikh, S. & Khanna, M., 'Police readiness for tackling hate crime against people with learning disabilities – Areas for improvement and examples of good practice' (2012), Safer Communities, 11(3), pp.145-153
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Singh, J., 'Desire, patriotism, and Sikh subjectivity' (2017), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory [online], pp. 1-14
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Singh, J., 'Memory, invisibility, and the Oak Creek Gurdwara massacre: A Sikh American perspective of the ‘post-racial’ US' (2013), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 9(2), pp.215-225
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Singh Gill, S. & Worley, C., 'ʼHow did it go?ʼ Negotiating race, racialisation and identity when teaching issues of race and equality in HE' (2010), Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences, 2(3)
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Singh, A. & Ray, R., 'Identifying Offensive Content in Social Media Posts' (2021), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1402 CCIS, pp. 1-8
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Singh, A., Dandona, A. & Sharma, V., 'Societal Refutation and Hate Crimes: Thematic Analysis of Exoticization and Victimization Experiences Among Young Trans People in India' (2022), Youth Voice Journal, 12
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Singh, A., Dandona, A., Sharma, V. & Zaidi, S.Z.H., 'Minority Stress in Emotion Suppression and Mental Distress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review' (2022), Annals of Neurosciences [online]
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Singh, K., Tripathi, M., Agarwal, B. & Sain, A.K., 'Ensemble of Transformer Based Approach for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Data' (2023), 2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, UPCON 2023, pp. 894–899
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Singh, N.K. & Chand, S., 'Machine Learning-based Multilabel Toxic Comment Classification' (2022), 3rd IEEE 2022 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems, ICCCIS 2022, pp. 435-439
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Singh, N.K., Singh, P., Das, P. & Chand, S., 'XRBi-GAC: A hybrid deep learning framework for multilingual toxicity detection' (2023), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 45(1), pp. 1409–1421
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Singh, P., Singh, N.K., Monika & Chand, S., 'MBERT-GRU multilingual deep learning framework for hate speech detection in social media' (2023), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 44(5), pp. 8177–8192
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Singh, R.K., Sanjay, H.A., Pramod Jain, S.A., Rishi, H. & Bhardwaj, S., 'NLP Based Hate Speech Detection and Moderation' (2023), 7th IEEE International Conference on Computational Systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions, CSITSS 2023 – Proceedings
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Singh, S., Haridasan, A. & Mooney, R., '“Female Astronaut: Because sandwiches won’t make themselves up there!: Towards multi-modal misogyny detection in memes' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 150–159
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Singhal, M., Ling, C., Paudel, P., Thota, P., Kumarswamy, N., Stringhini, G. & Nilizadeh, S., 'SoK: Content Moderation in Social Media, from Guidelines to Enforcement, and Research to Practice' (2023), Proceedings - 8th IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy, Euro S and P 2023, pp. 868–895
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Singleton, B., '“Heave half a brick at him”: Hate crimes and discrimination against Muslim converts in late Victorian Liverpool' (2017), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online], pp.1-13.
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Sinnar, S., 'Hate Crimes, Terrorism, and the Framing of White Supremacist Violence' (2022), California Law Review, 110(2), pp. 489-565
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Sinnar, S., 'The Conundrums of Hate Crime Prevention' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),4, pp. 801-846
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Sipka, A., Hannak, A. & Urman, A., 'Comparing the Language of QAnon-Related Content on Parler, Gab, and Twitter' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 411-421
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Siqueira, B.B., de Souza, G.C.A., Japur, C.C. & de Oliveira Penaforte, F.R., '“The Other Person Does Not Deserve to be Remembered for the Amount of Fat They Have in Their Bodies”: Representations of Weight Stigma by Overweight Nutrition Students' (2023), Trends in Psychology [online]
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Sir John Jenkins KCMG LVO, 'Defining Islamophobia: A Policy Exchange Research Note' (2018), Policy Exchange
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Sircar, O., 'Proto-Fascism and State Impunity in Majoritarian India: An Interview with Teesta Setalvad' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review (Special Issue) [online]
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Sirichan, K., 'The direct reference theory of pejoratives in hate speech' (2021), Philosophia (Philippines), 22(2), pp. 245-259
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Sirulhaq, A., Yuwono, U. & Muta’ali, A., 'Why do we need a sociocognitive-CDA in hate speech studies? A corpus-based systematic review' (2023), Discourse and Society [online]
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