Publications
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Nolan, J.J. & Akiyama, Y., 'An analysis of factors that affect law enforcement participation in hate crime reporting' (1999), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15, pp.111-127
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Nolan, J.J., Akiyama, Y. & Berhanu, S., 'The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990: Developing a method for measuring the occurrence of hate violence' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.136-153
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Nolan, J.J., Haas, S.M., Turley, E., Stump, J. & LaValle, C.R., 'Assessing the “statistical accuracy” of the national incident-based reporting system hate crime data' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(12), pp.1562-1587
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Nolan, J.J., Nicewarner, R.L. & Momen, R.E., 'Preventing rural hate crime' (2020), in A. Harkness (Ed), Rural Crime Prevention: Theory, Tactics and Techniques (pp. 113-127), Routledge
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Noorian, Z., Ghenai, A., Moradisani, H., Zarrinkalam, F. & Alavijeh, S.Z., 'User-Centric Modeling of Online Hate Through the Lens of Psycholinguistic Patterns and Behaviors in Social Media' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems [online]
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Nor, M.W.M. & Gale, P., 'Growing Fear of Islamisation: Representation of Online Media in Malaysia' (2021), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online]
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Norma, M.-D., 'Currents of Innuendo Converge on an American Path to Political Hate' (2023), Daedalus, 152(3), pp. 194–211
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Norris, D., 'Are laws proscribing incitement to religious hatred compatible with freedom of speech?' (2008), UCL Human Rights Review, 1(1), pp.102-117
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Norris, J.J., 'Why Dylann Roof is a terrorist under federal law, and why it matters' (2017), Harvard Journal on Legislation, 54(1), pp.501-542
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Northern Ireland Policing Board, 'Thematic review of policing race hate crime' (2017), Belfast
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Northern Territory, 'Parliamentary debates, Legislative Assembly, 24 August 2006 (Dr Peter Toyne)' (2006)
Northern Territory, 'Parliamentary debates, Legislative Assembly, 17 October 2006 (Jodeen Carney, Opposition Leader)' (2006)
Nouas, S., Boumahdi, F., Madani, A. & Berrhail, F., 'Cyberbullying: A BERT Bi-LSTM Solution for Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 760 LNNS, pp. 57–65
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Nourooz Pour, H., 'Transitional justice and online social platforms: Facebook and the Rohingya genocide' (2023), International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 31(2), pp. 95–113
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Nugent, S., Wilkie, M. & Iredale, R., 'Racist violence' (1989), Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
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Nugent, W.R., Abrams, T.E. & Joseph, A.A., 'The Relationship between Violent Political Rhetoric and Mass Shootings' (2021), Journal of Social Service Research [online]
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Nugrahaningsih, N., Lestari, A. & Karolita, D., 'Identifying the Offensive Words in the Twitter Using Latent Semantic Analysis' (2020), 6th International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design, ICCED 2020, 9415773
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Nugroho, A., Handayani, I. & Riwanto, A., 'Hate Speech or Freedom of Expression: Examining Indicators of Democracy in Selected Hybrid Regimes' (2023), International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 18(1), pp. 244–266
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Nugroho, K., Noersasongko, E., Purwanto, Muljono, Fanani, A.Z., Affandy, & Basuki, R.S., 'Improving Random Forest Method to Detect Hate Speech and Offensive Words' (2019), 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2019, 8938451, pp. 514-518
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Núñez, M.O. & Poveda, S.M., 'Values and Countervalues of the Culture of Peace in Spanish Football. Virtual Environment Analysis. | [VALORES Y CONTRAVALORES DE LA CULTURA DE PAZ EN EL FÚTBOL ESPAÑOL Análisis de los entornos virtuales]' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Nutter, S., Saunders, J.F. & Waugh, R., 'Current trends and future directions in internalized weight stigma research: a scoping review and synthesis of the literature' (2024), Journal of Eating Disorders, 12(1), 98
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Nwozor, A., Ajakaiye, O.O.P., Okidu, O., Olanrewaju, A. & Afolabi, O., 'Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria’s 2019 Presidential Campaigns' (2022), eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 14(1), pp. 104-129
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Nygren, K.G., Öhman, S. & Olofsson, A., 'Everyday places, heterosexist spaces and risk in contemporary Sweden' (2016), Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(1), p.45-57
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Nyoka, B., 'Bernard Magubane’s the making of a racist state revisited' (2016), Journal of Black Studies, 47(8), pp.903-927
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O'Brien, M.L., 'Migration as an adaptive response to ethnic nationalism in Russia' (2018), Migration Studies, 6(2), pp.187-204
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O'Brien, M., 'The coming of the storm: moral panics, social media and regulation in the QAnon era' (2022), Information and Communications Technology Law [online]
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O'Brien, K.S., Hunter, J.A., Halberstadt, J. & Anderson, J., 'Body image and explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes: The mediating role of physical appearance comparisons' (2007), Body Image, 4(3), pp.249-256
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O'Brien, M., Dempsey, B. & Higgins, M., 'Experiences and outcomes of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller women in pregnancy: a scoping review protocol' (2022), BMJ open, 12(7), pp. e057788
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O'Callaghan, P., 'Dealing with difference' (1993), Policing Issues and Practice Journal, 1(1), 22
O'Connor, W. & Molloy, D., '‘Hidden in plain sight’: Homelessness among lesbian and gay youth' (2001), National Centre for Social Research, in collaboration with Stonewall Housing Association.
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O'Curry, S., 'Combating racist hate: An NGO perspective' (2017), in A. Haynes, J. Schweppe, & S. Taylor (Eds.), Critical perspectives on hate crime (pp.301-309). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
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O'Donnell, P. & Simons, L., 'Australians against racism: Testimonies from the anti-Apartheid movement' (1995), Pluto Press
O'Keefe, K.B., 'Protecting the homeless under vulnerable victim sentencing guidelines: An alternative to inclusion in hate crime laws' (2010), William and Mary Law Review, 52(1), pp.301-326
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O'Nions, H., 'Narratives of social inclusion in the context of roma school segregation' (2015), Social Inclusion, 3(5), pp.103-114
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O'Sullivan, A., 'Same-sex marriage and the Irish Constitution' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.477-492
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Oakes, R., Oakeley, A.K. & Goke-Pariola, R., 'The victimization and disparate treatment of racial and ethnic minorities' (2021), in R. Blasdell, L. Krieger-Sample & M. Kilburn (Eds.) Invisible Victims and the Pursuit of Justice: Analyzing Frequently Victimized Yet Rarely Discussed Populations (pp. 353-382), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Obaida, M.H., Elkaffas, S.M. & Guirguis, S.K., 'Deep Learning Algorithms for Cyber-Bulling Detection in Social Media Platforms' (2024), IEEE Access, 12, pp. 76901–76908
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Obermaier, M., 'Youth on standby? Explaining adolescent and young adult bystanders’ intervention against online hate speech' (2022), New Media and Society [online]
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Obermaier, M., 'Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech' (2023), Journalism Studies [online]
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Obermaier, M. & Schmuck, D., 'Youths as targets: Factors of online hate speech victimization among adolescents and young adults' (2022), Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 27(4), zmac012
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Obermaier, M., Schmuck, D. & Saleem, M., 'I’ll be there for you? Effects of Islamophobic online hate speech and counter speech on Muslim in-group bystanders’ intention to intervene' (2021), New Media and Society [online]
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Obiora, H.C., Aboh, S.C. & Dioka, B.O., 'Critical discourse analysis of selected Nigerian political hate speeches' (2021), Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 12(3), pp. 494-500
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Oboler, A. & Casanovas, P., 'The Web of Data’s Role in Legal Ecosystems to Address Violent Extremism Fuelled by Hate Speech in Social Media' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13048 LNAI, pp. 230-246
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Obst, M., 'Not in the mood for gender and feminism. Exploring affect and expertise through Spanish anti-gender movements' (2024), Women's Studies International Forum, 104, 102892
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Ocampo, N., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Playing the Part of the Sharp Bully: Generating Adversarial Examples for Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 2758–2772
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Ocampo, N., Sviridova, E., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'An In-depth Analysis of Implicit and Subtle Hate Speech Messages' (2023), EACL 2023 - 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 1989-2005
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Odağ, Ö. & Moskovits, J., 'We are not a virus: repercussions of anti-Asian online hate during the COVID-19 pandemic on identity and coping strategies of Asian-heritage individuals' (2024), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Odeku, K.O. & Kgaphola, J., 'Combating Weaponisation of Social Media Fostering Hate Speech in South Africa' (2023), Journal of African Films and Diaspora Studies, 6(2), pp. 59–74
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ODIHR, 'Hate crime against people with disabilities' (2017), OSCE
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Oduro, A., Sonsteng-Person, M., Montgomery, D.M., King-Shaw, S., King-Shaw, N. & Santos, A., 'Addressing Anti-Black Racism in Social Work Education: A Policy Brief to Ensure Black Students Thrive in Social Work' (2024), Families in Society [online]
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