Publications: Hate speech
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Nikolaev, A.G., Porpora, D., Coffman, N. & Elliott-Maksymowicz, K., 'Hate speech as a form of entertainment: an unexpected support for the gratification hypothesis on Twitter' (2023), Atlantic Journal of Communication [online]
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Nikouei, M. & Zamani, M., '‘Jurisprudence of tolerance: Hate speech, Article 17 and theory of democracy in the European Convention on Human Rights’' (2019), International Human Rights Law Review, 8(1), pp. 67-88
Nilsson, F., Al-Azzawi, S.S. & Kovács, G., 'Leveraging Sentiment Data for the Detection of Homophobic/Transphobic Content in a Multi-Task, Multi-Lingual Setting Using Transformers' (2022), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3395, pp. 196-207
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Nina-Gutiérrez, E.A., Pacheco-Alanya, J.E. & Morales-Arevalo, J.C., 'Multilingual Detection of Cyberbullying on Social Networks Using a Fine-Tuned GPT-3.5 Model' (2024), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2172 CCIS, pp. 252–263
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Ninalga, D., 'Cordyceps@LT-EDI: Patching Language-Specific Homophobia/Transphobia Classifiers with a Multilingual Understanding' (2023), LTEDI 2023 - 3rd Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion - Proceedings, pp. 185–191
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Nithish Babu, M. & Preethi, P., 'OCR-Based Multi-class Classification of Hate Speech in Images' (2023), 1st International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computational Intelligence, ICAEECI 2023
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Nithyashree, V., Hiremath, B.N., Vanishree, L., Duvvuri, A., Madival, D.A. & Vidyashree, G., 'Identification of Toxicity in MultimediaMessages for Controlling Cyberbullying on Social Media by Natural Language Processing' (2022), 2022 IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics, DISCOVER 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 12-18
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Niu, S., Veazey, K., Pagan, P. & Ghimire, A., 'Understanding Hate Group Videos on YouTube' (2022), Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW, pp. 32-36
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Nizaruddin, F., 'Role of Public WhatsApp Groups Within the Hindutva Ecosystem of Hate and Narratives of “CoronaJihad”' (2021), International Journal of Communication. 15, pp. 1102-1119
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Njoku, J.N., Eneh, A.U., Nwakanma, C.I., Lee, J.-M. & Kim, D.-S., 'MetaHate: Text-based Hate Speech Detection for Metaverse Applications using Deep Learning' (2023), International Conference on ICT Convergence, pp. 979–984
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Nkemelu, D., Shah, H., Best, M. & Essa, I., 'Tackling Hate Speech in Low-resource Languages with Context Experts' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 5
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Nkwe, S., 'An Analysis of Xenophobic Elements in South Africa’s Public Discourse via Social Media' (2023), Journal of African Films and Diaspora Studies, 6(1), pp. 23–40
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Noetzold, D., Rossetto, A.G.D.M., Izquierdo, L.R. & Leithardt, V.R.Q., 'Use of Spyware Integrated with Prediction Models for Computer Monitoring | Uso de Spyware Integrado com Modelos de Predição para Monitoramento em Computadores' (2023), Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI, 2023
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Nogara, G., Vishnuprasad, P.S., Cardoso, F., Ayoub, O., Giordano, S. & Luceri, L., 'The Disinformation Dozen: An Exploratory Analysis of Covid-19 Disinformation Proliferation on Twitter' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 348-358
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Noorian, Z., Ghenai, A., Moradisani, H., Zarrinkalam, F. & Alavijeh, S.Z., 'User-Centric Modeling of Online Hate Through the Lens of Psycholinguistic Patterns and Behaviors in Social Media' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems [online]
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Nor, M.W.M. & Gale, P., 'Growing Fear of Islamisation: Representation of Online Media in Malaysia' (2021), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online]
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Norma, M.-D., 'Currents of Innuendo Converge on an American Path to Political Hate' (2023), Daedalus, 152(3), pp. 194–211
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Norris, D., 'Are laws proscribing incitement to religious hatred compatible with freedom of speech?' (2008), UCL Human Rights Review, 1(1), pp.102-117
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Nouas, S., Boumahdi, F., Madani, A. & Berrhail, F., 'Cyberbullying: A BERT Bi-LSTM Solution for Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 760 LNNS, pp. 57–65
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Nourooz Pour, H., 'Transitional justice and online social platforms: Facebook and the Rohingya genocide' (2023), International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 31(2), pp. 95–113
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Ntelu, A., Yusuf, M., Hinta, E., Muassomah & Musa, D.Th., 'The Role of Forensic Linguistics in Investigating and Disclosing Language Crimes on Social Media Platforms' (2025), Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 15(1), pp. 283–293
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Nugrahaningsih, N., Lestari, A. & Karolita, D., 'Identifying the Offensive Words in the Twitter Using Latent Semantic Analysis' (2020), 6th International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design, ICCED 2020, 9415773
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Nugroho, A., Handayani, I. & Riwanto, A., 'Hate Speech or Freedom of Expression: Examining Indicators of Democracy in Selected Hybrid Regimes' (2023), International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 18(1), pp. 244–266
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Nugroho, K., Noersasongko, E., Purwanto, Muljono, Fanani, A.Z., Affandy, & Basuki, R.S., 'Improving Random Forest Method to Detect Hate Speech and Offensive Words' (2019), 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2019, 8938451, pp. 514-518
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Núñez, M.O. & Poveda, S.M., 'Values and Countervalues of the Culture of Peace in Spanish Football. Virtual Environment Analysis. | [VALORES Y CONTRAVALORES DE LA CULTURA DE PAZ EN EL FÚTBOL ESPAÑOL Análisis de los entornos virtuales]' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Nwaiwu, S., Jongsawat, N., Tungkasthan, A. & Thaloey, J., 'Fine-Tuned BERT Model for Hate Speech Detection in Political Discourse' (2024), International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering
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Nwozor, A., Ajakaiye, O.O.P., Okidu, O., Olanrewaju, A. & Afolabi, O., 'Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria’s 2019 Presidential Campaigns' (2022), eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 14(1), pp. 104-129
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O'Brien, M., 'The coming of the storm: moral panics, social media and regulation in the QAnon era' (2022), Information and Communications Technology Law [online]
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Obaida, M.H., Elkaffas, S.M. & Guirguis, S.K., 'Deep Learning Algorithms for Cyber-Bulling Detection in Social Media Platforms' (2024), IEEE Access, 12, pp. 76901–76908
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Obermaier, M., 'Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech' (2023), Journalism Studies [online]
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Obermaier, M., Schmuck, D. & Saleem, M., 'I’ll be there for you? Effects of Islamophobic online hate speech and counter speech on Muslim in-group bystanders’ intention to intervene' (2021), New Media and Society [online]
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Obiora, H.C., Aboh, S.C. & Dioka, B.O., 'Critical discourse analysis of selected Nigerian political hate speeches' (2021), Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 12(3), pp. 494-500
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Ocampo, N., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Playing the Part of the Sharp Bully: Generating Adversarial Examples for Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 2758–2772
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Ocampo, N., Sviridova, E., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'An In-depth Analysis of Implicit and Subtle Hate Speech Messages' (2023), EACL 2023 - 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 1989-2005
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Odağ, Ö. & Moskovits, J., 'We are not a virus: repercussions of anti-Asian online hate during the COVID-19 pandemic on identity and coping strategies of Asian-heritage individuals' (2024), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Odeku, K.O. & Kgaphola, J., 'Combating Weaponisation of Social Media Fostering Hate Speech in South Africa' (2023), Journal of African Films and Diaspora Studies, 6(2), pp. 59–74
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Oehmer-Pedrazzi, F. & Pedrazzi, S., 'An image hurts more than 1000 words? Sources, channels, and characteristics of digital hate images' (2024), Communications, 49(3), pp. 421–443
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Oga Sanefuji, G., Nihama, S.A. & de Azevedo da Rocha, R.L., 'Machine Learning Analysis on Hate Speech Against Asians' (2024), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2092 CCIS, pp. 183–194
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Ogbonna, S. & Okafo, A.C., 'An Analysis of Newspapers’ Coverage of Hate Speech in Nigeria' (2020), in M. N. Ndlela & W. Mano (Eds.) Social Media and Elections in Africa, Volume 2 (pp. 201-222). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Ogwezzy-Ndisika, A. O., Faustino, B. A. & Okechukwu Amakoh, K., 'Curbing hatred: The ethnic diehards’ agitations and 2015 presidential election campaign in Nigeria' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 15(1), pp. 233-253
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Oh, D. & Downey, J., 'Does algorithmic content moderation promote democratic discourse? Radical democratic critique of toxic language AI' (2024), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Okolie, A.-M., Enyiazu, C. & Nnamani, K.E., 'Campaign propaganda, electoral outcome and the dynamics of governance in the post-2015 presidential election in Nigeria' (2021), Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1922180
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Okpala, E., Cheng, L., Mbwambo, N. & Luo, F., 'AAEBERT: Debiasing BERT-based Hate Speech Detection Models via Adversarial Learning' (2022), Proceedings - 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2022, pp. 1606-1612
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Okten, A>, 'On Commemorating Hrant Dink: Affective Nationalism, Hate Speech, and Digital News Media Users' (2022), Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly [online]
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Oliveira, E., Oliveira, L. & Baldi, V., 'Analysis of Cyberaggression in Social Networks Involving Students and University Environments' (2024), Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 35, pp. 287–300
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Oliveira, L. & Azevedo, J., 'Using Social Media Categorical Reactions as a Gateway to Identify Hate Speech in COVID-19 News' (2023), SN Computer Science, 4(1), 11
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Unsupervised fine-grained hate speech target community detection and characterisation on social media' (2023), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 13(1), 58
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Harnessing Bullying Traces to Enhance Bullying Participant Role Identification in Multi-Party Chats' (2023), Proceedings of the International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, FLAIRS, 36
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E., Villata, S. & Blaya, C., 'CyberAgressionAdo-v1: a Dataset of Annotated Online Aggressions in French Collected through a Role-playing Game' (2022), 2022 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022, pp. 867-875
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E., Villata, S. & Tonelli, S., 'BiRDy: Bullying Role Detection in Multi-Party Chats' (2023), Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2023, 37, pp. 16464–16466
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